Glucose intolerance is the commonest medical disorder complicating pregnancy. Hyperglycemia increases the risk of delivering a large for gestational age newborn (LGA) and related complications such as operative delivery, birth trauma and the poor adaptation of the newborn . Maternal risks of GDM include also polyhydramnios, preeclampsia, premature delivery, prolonged labor, uterine atony, postpartum hemorrhage, infection and progression of retinopathy which are the leading global causes of maternal morbidity and mortality .Detection of women at higher risk for GDM early in pregnancy is a desirable goal because interventions such as diet, medication, and exercise may be applied earlier in pregnancy and potentially can reduce later development of GDM or its associated morbidities. Most GDM cases are diagnosed after mid-gestation following an abnormal glucose challenge test (GCT). However, about 10% of patients with GDM can be diagnosed in the first trimester.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • History of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies

  • Polycystic ovaries syndrome
  • History of Macrosomic baby in previous pregnancies
  • Past history of late third trimester fetal demise
  • Past history of polyhydramnios
  • Overweight /Obese women Women diagnosed to have other endocrinopathies like suprarenal, thyroid or pituitary disorders Multi fetal pregnancies Past history of shoulder dystocia Past history of preeclampsia Family history of diabetes

In addition, a comparable group of low-risk women will be included like primigravida healthy women or those with normal obstetric history.

Exclusion Criteria:

• all patient not have thev inclusion criteria

History of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies

• Polycystic ovaries syndrome
• History of Macrosomic baby in previous pregnancies
• Past history of late third trimester fetal demise
• Past history of polyhydramnios
• Overweight /Obese women Women diagnosed to have other endocrinopathies like suprarenal, thyroid or pituitary disorders Multi fetal pregnancies Past history of shoulder dystocia Past history of preeclampsia Family history of diabetes

In addition, a comparable group of low-risk women will be included like primigravida healthy women or those with normal obstetric history.