Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both . Chronic hyperglycemia in synergy with the other metabolic aberrations in patients with diabetes mellitus can cause damage to various organ systems, leading to the development of disabling and life-threatening health complications, most prominent of which are microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications leading to a 2-fold to 4-fold increased risk of cardiovascular diseases Mg2+ deficiency is usually identified by the measurement of serum Mg2+ concentration. Hypomagnesemia is defined by a serum Mg2+ concentration < 0.75 mmol/L, but a deficiency due to low dietary intake in otherwise healthy people is uncommon. Although overt signs of clinical Mg2+ deficiency are not routinely recognized in the healthy population, relatively low Mg2+ intake and/or Mg2+ status have been shown to be associated with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, T2DM, osteoporosis, pulmonary disease, depression, migraine headaches, inflammation, and cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus according to WHO criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Renal failure patients.

  • Type I DM patients.
  • Acute pancreatitis.
  • Hyperthyroidism.
  • Hyperparathyroidism.
  • Malignancies.
  • Patients on loop/thiazide diuretics.
  • Patients on Mg supplement.
  • Patients on Mg containing antacids.
  • Any other conditions causing low Mg levels were excluded from the study.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus according to WHO criteria.