The research endeavors to examine the critical composition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) in premature infants across different gestational stages and under varying disease conditions, and delineate the metabolic attributes of PUFAs in premature infants and their interplay with the onset of diseases. This study anticipates furnishing a theoretical foundation for the rationalization of PUFAs supplementation in premature infants and for informing strategies related to disease prevention and management.

Inclusion Criteria:

Infants born between 24 and 36 weeks of gestational age who are admitted within 24 hours of birth, including both premature and full-term newborns.

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Exclusion Criteria:

Infants with severe congenital developmental abnormalities, those requiring external supplementation of PUFAs in addition to standard intravenous nutrition and breastfeeding, and those with a severe prognosis indicating non-survival during their hospitalization.

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Neonates born within 24 hours who were admitted to the Neonatology Department of the First Hospital of Jilin University, including premature infants born between 24 and 36 weeks of gestational age and full-term infants from September 2023 to August 2026, n