This study aims to establish a holistic framework for continuous cancer survival surveillance in Russian regions with high-quality population-based cancer registry data. The data from the population-based cancer registries of the Northwestern regions of Russia will be used to assess net and cause-specific survival trends.

The main sources of cancer incidence data in Russia are population-based cancer registries (PBCR). National recommendations guide the content of corresponding variables stored in PBCRs. Data were collected for the following regions: Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug (combined), Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Vologda Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, and St. Petersburg. Quality assessment procedures will be applied to the population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) datasets. Essential variables will be extracted following the recommended list of ENCR/IACR.

The list of variables consists of two classes: original variables present in PBCRs datasets and synthetic variables calculated based on the original variables. "IARC/IACR Tools for Cancer Registries" (IARC tools) software was used for the data cleaning, conversion to ICD-O-3, and multiple primaries assessment. Duplicates were removed by applying IARC/IACR/ENCR multiple primary rules. The analysis is limited to twenty years: 2000 - 2021.

The Federal State Statistics Service (FSSS) is the primary regional and national mortality data source. However, the raw data from this source has several drawbacks. The main problem is the absence of the distribution of persons with undetermined ages and/or causes of death. The data sets for this research are obtained from the Russian Fertility and Mortality Database (RFMD) of the Center for Demographic Research of the New Economic School. The RFMD database is based on the FSSS data but has a higher data quality due to the redistribution of deaths with the abovementioned characteristics. This source's population and mortality data contained the following variables: region, year, sex, age (5-year age groups from 0 to 85+), and cause of death.

Population data was obtained from the same source. The data were based on the 1989, 2002 and 2010 population censuses. It has been extrapolated to other years using annual statistics on mortality and births.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women of any age
• Data record meets IARC/IACR Tools for Cancer Registries requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe patient data missing from a record

Cancer patient population, that were diagnosed and registered in regions covered by PBCR.