The purpose of the core phase of the trial is to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of remibrutinib (LOU064) 25 milligrams (mg) twice a day (b.i.d.) over placebo for 24 weeks and in comparison to omalizumab 300 mg every 4 weeks (q4w) for 52 weeks in participants with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) inadequately controlled by H1-antihistamines (H1-AH).

The purpose of the open-label extension phase is to assess efficacy, safety and tolerability up to two years for patients treated with remibrutinib and patients transitioned from omalizumab to remibrutinib at Week 52. In the extension phase, treatment will be with remibrutinib only (i.e., no background therapy). The extension phase will also fulfill the Novartis commitment to provide post-trial access to participants of the previous core phase.

The study consists of 4 periods, and the total study duration is up to 112 weeks. Approximately 468 adult participants with CSU are expected to be randomized in the study.

Screening period: A screening period of up to 4 weeks will allow for the assessment of eligibility, determination of baseline disease activity and wash-out of prohibited medications.

Core Phase Treatment Period (52 weeks):

The treatment period will be double-dummy and double-blind, with placebo injections matching omalizumab 300 mg s.c. given to participants in the remibrutinib arm and placebo tablets matching remibrutinib 25 mg given to participants in the omalizumab arm (double-dummy). At the randomization visit, eligible participants will be randomized to one of four treatment arms.

Extension Phase Treatment Period (52 weeks): Optional open-label extension where patients receive treatment with open-label remibrutinib 25 mg, for 52 weeks.

Follow-up period:

For patients that do not enter the extension phase, there will be a 16-week, treatment-free, safety follow-up period.

Patients that enter extension phase will have a 4-week treatment-free safety follow-up period at the end of the extension phase.

All participants will be on a stable, local label-approved standard dose of a second-generation H1-AH ("background therapy") throughout the entire core phase (starting a minimum of 7 days prior to randomization until the end of the core phase).

In addition, to treat unbearable symptoms of CSU flare-ups, participants will be allowed to use a different second-generation H1-AH on an as-needed basis ("rescue therapy").

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female adult participants ≥18 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent.
• CSU duration for ≥ 6 months prior to screening.
• Diagnosis of CSU inadequately controlled by second generation H1-AH at the time of randomization, defined as:
• The presence of itch and hives for ≥6 consecutive weeks prior to screening, despite the use of second-generation H1-AH during this time period.
• UAS7 score (range 0-42) ≥16, ISS7 score (range 0-21) ≥ 6 and HSS7 score (range 0- 21) ≥ 6 during the 7 days prior to randomization (Day 1).
• Documentation of hives within three months before randomization.
• Willing and able to complete an Urticaria Patient Daily Diary (UPDD) for the duration of the study and adhere to the study protocol.
• Participants must not have had more than one missing UPDD entry (either morning or evening) in the 7 days prior to randomization (Day 1).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior exposure to ligelizumab, omalizumab and other biologics with any effect in CSU, including anti-IgE therapies.
• Significant bleeding risk or coagulation disorders.
• History of gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Requirement for anti-platelet or anti-coagulant medication.
• History or current hepatic disease.
• Evidence of clinically significant cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, endocrine, metabolic, hematological disorders, gastrointestinal disease or immunodeficiency that, in the investigator's opinion, would compromise the safety of the participant, interfere with the interpretation of the study results or otherwise preclude participation or protocol adherence of the participant.
• Evidence of helminthic parasitic infection as evidenced by stools being positive for a pathogenic organism according to local guidelines.
• Documented history of anaphylaxis.
• Pregnant or nursing (lactating) women.

Novartis is committed to sharing with qualified external researchers, access to patient-level data and supporting clinical documents from eligible studies. These requests are reviewed and approved by an independent review panel on the basis of scientific merit. All data provided is anonymized to respect the privacy of patients who have participated in the trial in line with applicable laws and regulations.

This trial data availability is according to the criteria and process described on www.clinicalstudydatarequest.com