A total of 9269 adults who received CCTA scans for coronary disease evaluation during a general medical checkup at the Health Screening and Promotion Center in Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea between January 2007 and December 2011 were initially selected. All participants were provided with information about the potential benefits and risks of CCTA and made the decision to undergo the procedure at their own expense. They were also informed that their clinical and radiological data would be used for this study and gave their consent. Of these individuals, 7129 agreed to participate, and 6343 were enrolled in this CCTA registry.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. a previous history of angina or myocardial infarction;
2. abnormal rest electrocardiographic results, i.e., pathological Qwaves, ischemic ST segments or T wave changes, or left bundle-branch blocks;
3. insufficient medical records;
4. structural heart diseases;
5. a prior history of open heart surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention;
6. a previous cardiac procedure; or
7. renal insufficiency (creatinine N1.5 mg/dL)

Individuals aged 20 years and older had undergone self-referral CCTA evaluation as part of a general health examination in the Health Screening and Promotion Center at Asan Medical Center from January 2007 to December 2011.