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The purpose of the project is to explore the effect of differences in seat height and seat angle on bilateral foot propulsion using a manual wheelchair. The objectives of the study are to determine whether differences in seat height and seat angle impact: a) propulsion speed; b) knee range of motion used during propulsion; c) effectiveness of foot propulsion gait; and d) perceived difficulty with foot propulsion.
A repeated measures designs allows comparison between 5 different seat height conditions and 4 different seat angle conditions to determine whether there are significant differences in outcome, and if so, which conditions provide better outcomes. Participants will propel a customized MWC through a standardized course using each seat configuration; the sequence will be randomized to reduce any learning effects.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| LL & 0 | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at lower leg length and set inclination will be zero |
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| LL + 1 | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length plus one inch with an inclination of zero |
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| LL - 1 | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length minus one inch with an inclination of zero |
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| LL - 2 | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length minus two inches with an inclination of zero |
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| LL - 3 | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length minus three inches with an inclination of zero |
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| 3 degrees Inclination |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seat height | Other | Seat height of a manual wheelchair will be changed according the different arms specified. The participant will complete a course in the manual wheelchair with each arm. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Propulsion speed | Speed will be determined via video recording. Two outcomes will be determined initial 10m and total test course | ~30-60 seconds |
| Knee range of motion | Xsens sensors and mobile app will be used to determine the positions of the thigh and lower leg and knee joint angle will be obtained from the difference between these positions. | ~30-60 seconds |
| Effectiveness of foot propulsion gait | Evaluated using the Wheelchair Propulsion Test developed by Askari et al. (2013). Simple, valid and reliable measure of propulsion for either upper or lower extremity propulsion techniques. | ~30-60 seconds |
| Perceived difficulty with foot propulsion | Participant will provide subjective evaluations of how difficult they found foot propulsion after each trial, using Perceived Difficulty Questionnaire (Heinrichs et al., 2021). | ~30-60 seconds |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Manitoba | Winnipeg | Manitoba | R3E 0T6 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23499781 | Background | Askari S, Kirby RL, Parker K, Thompson K, O'Neill J. Wheelchair propulsion test: development and measurement properties of a new test for manual wheelchair users. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Sep;94(9):1690-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.03.002. Epub 2013 Mar 14. | |
| 32238086 | Background | Heinrichs ND, Kirby RL, Smith C, Russell KFJ, Theriault CJ, Doucette SP. Effect of seat height on manual wheelchair foot propulsion, a repeated-measures crossover study: part 1 - wheeling forward on a smooth level surface. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2021 Nov;16(8):831-839. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1741036. Epub 2020 Apr 2. |
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Data will not be shared outside of the principle and student investigator's conducting this study.
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Within-subjects repeated measures design
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| Experimental |
Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length with a forward seat inclination of 3 degrees |
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| 6 degrees Inclination | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length with a forward seat inclination of 6 degrees |
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| 9 degrees Inclination | Experimental | Wheelchair seat height will be positioned at the participant's leg length with a forward seat inclination of 9 degrees |
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| Seat inclination | Other | Seat inclination of a manual wheelchair will be changed according the different arms specified. The participant will complete a course in the manual wheelchair with each arm. |
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