Pulmonaryhypertension in Copd at Different Levels of Smoking

Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Pulmonary Hypertension in COPD at Different Levels of Smoking

To identify Predictors of pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients and its relation to different levels of smoking

COPD is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, expectoration and/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and/or alveoli (emphysema) that cause persistent, often progressive, airflow obstruction.It is also the most common cause of deaths in patients with chronic respiratory disease, the fatality rate in USA is 0.41%.Pulmonary Hypertension is the most common serious complication in COPD patients ; which occurs in up to 30% of patients and increases the mortality rate.Smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Smoking is also a trigger for COPD flare-ups.Smoking damages the air sacs, airways, and the lining of your lungs. Injured lungs have trouble moving enough air in and out, so it's hard to breathe

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1.All patients admitted to chest department or presented to our outpatient clinic with clinical and functional diagnosis of COPD among both sexes will be included 2.Age >18 years Old

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1.Patients under 18 years old. 2.pregnant patients. 3.patients with history hypertension or valvular diseases 4.Cardiomyopathic patient 5.Patients with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea 6.Patients with collagen vascular disease 7.Patients with thrombo-embolic disease 8. Patients with any chronic chest disease other than COPD