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The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of overground walking as a part of a rehabilitation program on the increase in Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, decrease in IL-6 levels, decrease in hs-CRP levels, improvement in cognitive function, and enhancement of quality of life (QOL) in older people with mild cognitive impairment. These findings are anticipated to contribute to the efforts to elevate BDNF levels, cognitive function, and QOL while reducing IL-6 and hsCRP levels in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
This research employs a quasi-experimental research design using a Pretest-Posttest Design approach. The Pretest-Posttest method is executed by assessing before and after the intervention within the same group.
All research subjects receive the same treatment, which involves participating in an overground walking program on a flat surface. The selected research subjects are provided with an explanation of the research's objectives and benefits and the exercise and examination procedures, then sign the informed consent.
Research subjects are instructed to walk on a flat surface for a distance of 15 meters, with a duration of 20 minutes, increasing by 5 minutes each week until the target heart rate is achieved during the exercise. After an 8-week post-intervention period, research subjects will undergo a follow-up examination.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overground Walking | Other | Walk on a flat surface for a distance of 15 meters, with a duration of 20 minutes, increasing by 5 minutes each week until the target heart rate is achieved during the exercise, for 8 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor level | 8 weeks |
| IL6 | Interleukin-6 level | 8 weeks |
| hsCRP | hs-CRP level | 8 weeks |
| MoCAINA | MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT INDONESIA | 8 weeks |
| ADQOL | Alzheimer disease Quality of Life | 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nursing Home | Bandung | West Java | Indonesia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15087583 | Background | Amieva H, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Rouch-Leroyer I, Sourgen C, D'Alchee-Biree F, Dib M, Barberger-Gateau P, Orgogozo JM, Fabrigoule C. Annual rate and predictors of conversion to dementia in subjects presenting mild cognitive impairment criteria defined according to a population-based study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2004;18(1):87-93. doi: 10.1159/000077815. Epub 2004 Apr 14. | |
| 23215827 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Background |
| Barrios H, Narciso S, Guerreiro M, Maroco J, Logsdon R, de Mendonca A. Quality of life in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(3):287-92. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2012.747083. Epub 2012 Dec 7. |
| 12042879 | Background | Bavelier D, Neville HJ. Cross-modal plasticity: where and how? Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002 Jun;3(6):443-52. doi: 10.1038/nrn848. |
| 22332052 | Background | Burkhalter TM, Hillman CH. A narrative review of physical activity, nutrition, and obesity to cognition and scholastic performance across the human lifespan. Adv Nutr. 2011 Mar;2(2):201S-6S. doi: 10.3945/an.111.000331. Epub 2011 Mar 10. |
| 28588546 | Background | Chieffi S, Messina G, Villano I, Messina A, Valenzano A, Moscatelli F, Salerno M, Sullo A, Avola R, Monda V, Cibelli G, Monda M. Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Activity: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies. Front Neurol. 2017 May 22;8:188. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00188. eCollection 2017. |
| 12815502 | Background | Dik M, Deeg DJ, Visser M, Jonker C. Early life physical activity and cognition at old age. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003 Aug;25(5):643-53. doi: 10.1076/jcen.25.5.643.14583. |
| 11380745 | Background | Espino DV, Lichtenstein MJ, Palmer RF, Hazuda HP. Ethnic differences in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores: where you live makes a difference. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 May;49(5):538-48. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49111.x. |
| 24094294 | Background | Harada CN, Natelson Love MC, Triebel KL. Normal cognitive aging. Clin Geriatr Med. 2013 Nov;29(4):737-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.002. |
| 34938705 | Background | Shams A, Nobari H, Afonso J, Abbasi H, Mainer-Pardos E, Perez-Gomez J, Bayati M, Bahrami A, Carneiro L. Effect of Aerobic-Based Exercise on Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life Among Older People: A Middle East Study. Front Public Health. 2021 Dec 6;9:764044. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764044. eCollection 2021. |
| 30090658 | Background | Xue J, Li J, Liang J, Chen S. The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in China: A Systematic Review. Aging Dis. 2018 Aug 1;9(4):706-715. doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.0928. eCollection 2018 Aug. |