Immunotherapy have revolutionized the field of oncology, but response rates are low and all patients relapse, due to cellular and soluble immunosuppressive mechanisms. MDSC are one of the most important immunosuppressive cells, that also harbour non immunologic functions, favouring cancer invasion. These non immunologic functions of MDSC in lung cancer will be better characterized. Indeed, cellular mechanisms will be analysed by in vitro studies, assessing the effect of immunosuppressive cells, provided by fresh tumor samples, on phenotype and functions of lung cancer cell lines. The aim of this study is to better characterize immunosuppressive landscape of NSCLC and mechanisms involved in their protumor functions.

In recent years, immune-based therapies have revolutionized the field of oncology by significantly improving survival of cancer patients. Despite sustained responses, only 20% to 40% of cancer patients respond. It has become clear that the immunosuppressive environment induced by tumor through cellular and/or soluble pathways critically contribute to hinder efficient antitumor immunity. The inhibition of these immunosuppressive networks thus represents an essential prerequisite for the improvement of responses to anticancer immunotherapies. Several immune cell populations have been identified as key actors of tumor-induced immunosuppression, among which are myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). However, in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), the prognostic role of these cells, the mechanisms underlying their immunosuppressive functions, their "non-immunological" protumoral functions and their role in dampening the efficacy of immunotherapies in clinical practice are less characterized. The aim of this project is to better characterize the non immunologic functions of MDSC. We propose to assess in vitro the non-immunological pro-tumor functions of MDSC isolated from lung cancer patients

Inclusion Criteria:

• consecutive patients
• lung carcinoma surgically treated by surgery only

Exclusion Criteria:

• patient receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting (all objectives)
• patient with concomitant or previous cancer (in the 2 years)

Patients with lung carcinoma surgically treated by surgery only