Hepatocellular carcinoma is a type of liver cancer and is one of the leading causes of global cancer death. Surgical resection of the afflicted areas of the liver is one of the treatment methods for this condition. In this retrospective research, the investigators explore the outcomes of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver resection from 2010 to 2021 in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. The main outcome is mortality and the secondary outcomes are factors predicting mortality after resection.

Study design This is a retrospective cohort study.

Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in RSCM HCC patients are managed by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) consisting of hepatologists, radiologists, pathologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, and other specialists related to the patient's condition. Confirmed HCC patients are discussed in a weekly MDT team meeting. The meeting assigned patients to treatment options according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Center (BCLC) staging system, patient preference, and other clinical considerations. Resection is considered for patients at very early (BCLC 0) or early (BCLC A) HCC stages. This includes CP class A patients with a single tumor or less than three small (<3 cm) tumors. Patients assigned to surgical resection underwent either laparoscopic or open surgery. One to four segments of the liver were removed. Tissue samples were taken for further pathologic examination.

Ethical Clearance The ethics committee of The Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, approved this study by giving an ethical clearance with protocol number 19-11-1313. Informed consent was taken from all patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing liver resection in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital due to a confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma from 2010 to 2021

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing liver resection in other hospitals were excluded, even though diagnosis or further care is done in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital
• Patients with other malignancies
• Patients undergoing other treatment methods for hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study used a total population sampling of all patients undergoing liver resection in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital due to a confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma from 2010 to 2021. Patients undergoing liver resection in other hospitals were excluded, even though diagnosis or further care is done in RSCM. In addition, patients with other malignancies or undergoing other treatment methods were excluded.

Raw data without the patients' identification in the form of an Excel sheet will be made available per private request via e-mail correspondence.