This group of patients will be further divided into 2 groups. Group A (incision-specific multi-site injection) received intraoperative 3-8 intercostal nerve block with 0.5% ropivacaine. Group B (single injection) received intraoperative 3-5 intercostal nerve block with 0.5% .After completing lung surgery, fully exposing the lateral and posterior chest wall. From the inside view of the chest cavity, the intercostal nerve enters the correlated intercostal space between the posterior intercostal membrane and the parietal pleura. The needle of the 1ml syringe was held with a thoracoscopic ovale forceps and the target intercostal nerves were confirmed. It is only necessary to puncture the parietal pleura at the side of the intercostal nerve to perform the block. Inject ropivacaine(1ml, 0.5%) into the target nerve. At the same time, we recorded patients' mental status and vital signs to avoid systemic toxicity.

This group of patients will not receive intraoperative intercostal nerve block with 0.5% ropivacaine. After completing lung surgery, fully exposing the lateral and posterior chest wall. From the inside view of the chest cavity, the intercostal nerve enters the correlated intercostal space between the posterior intercostal membrane and the parietal pleura. The needle of the 1ml syringe was held with a thoracoscopic ovale forceps and the target intercostal nerves were confirmed. Inject physiologic saline(1ml) into the target nerve.

The intercostal nerve block test is a medical intervention that involves the administration of a local anesthetic to the intercostal nerves, which are located between the ribs. The intervention involves injecting a small amount of anesthetic solution near the targeted intercostal nerves, which temporarily numbs the area and provides potential pain relief. The intercostal nerve block test is considered a diagnostic tool to help guide further treatment decisions for conditions such as intercostal neuralgia, rib fractures, or postoperative pain. It is generally a safe and well-tolerated procedure, often performed under local anesthesia or with the assistance of image guidance to ensure accurate needle placement. Following the test, the patient's response is evaluated, and if pain relief is achieved, it may indicate that intercostal nerve block injections could be an appropriate treatment option.

We will use VAS score to assess the analgesic effects . The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been in use for the measurement of intangible quantities such as pain since the 1920s. It consists of a line usually 100mm in length, with anchor descriptors such as "no pain" and "worst pain imaginable", The patient makes a mark reflecting his or her perception, and the distance from the left endpoint to the mark is measured, in mm.

We will use VAS score to assess the analgesic effects . The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) has been in use for the measurement of intangible quantities such as pain since the 1920s. It consists of a line usually 100mm in length, with anchor descriptors such as "no pain" and "worst pain imaginable", The patient makes a mark reflecting his or her perception, and the distance from the left endpoint to the mark is measured, in mm.