Intercostal Nerve Block With Local Anesthesia Administered Via Incision-specific Multi-site Injection for Thoracic Surgery

Intercostal Nerve Block With Local Anesthesia Administered Via Incision-specific Multi-site Injection for Thoracic Surgery

The goal of this clinical trial is to test analgesic effect of intercostal nerve block in different range. The main question it aims to answer are:

question 1: whther incision-specific multi-site injection (ISMSI, from the 3rd to 8th intercostal nerve) can improve the analgesic benefits .

The participants will be divided into three groups to compare the analgesic effects of different intercostal nerve blocks

Postoperative pain after thoracic surgery is usually severe, and potentially leads to worse outcomes. It is well known that the use of intercostal nerve block (ICNB) analgesia with local anesthesia is common in thoracic surgery. Compared with the traditional standard of epidural analgesia, it has the advantages of less effect on respiratory or circulation system and less postoperative complications such as hypotension and hematoma. However, the details of ICNB form different hospital are in different ways. And it is unclear how many intercostal nerves should be blocked. And it is unknown which area should be payed more attention either, like the incision area or the chest tube port. It is hypothesized that the incision-specific multi-site injection (ISMSI, from the 3rd to 8th intercostal nerve) can improve the analgesic benefits due to cover area of both incision and chest tube port. To test this hypothesis, the investigators did this study to evaluate the analgesic effect of different ICNB methods.

The participants will be divided into three groups. A(incision-specific multi-site injection, received intraoperative 3-8 intercostal nerve block ) B(single injection, received intraoperative 3-5 intercostal nerve block ) and C(received no intercostal nerve block). Then compare the analgesic effects of the three groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing surgery for small pulmonary nodules in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing
2. Age≥ 18 years old
3. Lung small nodules with a diameter of ≤ 2cm, pure ground-glass/mixed/solid nodules
4. Permanent residents can be followed up for a long time
5. Sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Refusal to sign informed consent
2. Damaged heart, lung, liver and kidney function
3. Contraindications to surgery, such as inability to tolerate anesthesia, distant metastasis, bleeding tendency, etc c(4) Combined with severe emphysema, tuberculosis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion (5) Patients have other conditions that are not suitable for interventional surgery, such as pregnancy, lactation, long-term use of immunosuppressants, and serious infections