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This study aims to compare the effects of mirror therapy combined with either neuromuscular electrical stimulation or binaural beat stimulation on post-stroke lower limb motor function recovery. The study also explores the relationship between patients' cortical excitability and motor function improvement.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mirror therapy | Experimental |
| |
| Mirror Therapy + Electrical Stimulation | Experimental |
| |
| Mirror Therapy + Binaural Beat | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mirror Therapy | Other | Sitting, mirror place at the midline between the legs. Unaffected leg is placed in front of the mirror and perform ankle dorsiflexion exercises. Duration: 5 seconds, Rest: 5 seconds |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fugl-Meyer assessment, lower extremity | The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for lower extremity is a scale used to evaluate motor and functional recovery in patients with conditions like stroke. It measures muscle strength, movement control, coordination, and balance. Scores range from 0 (no movement) to 34 (full recovery). Higher scores indicate better recovery. | 10minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified ashworth scale | The Modified Ashworth Scale assesses muscle spasticity in conditions like stroke or cerebral palsy. Scores range from 0 to 4 or 5, indicating the severity of muscle resistance during passive movement. Higher scores mean more severe spasticity. It guides treatment and tracks progress. | 5minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Electroencephalography | Electroencephalography is used obtain power data of total μ (8-12Hz), lower μ (8-10Hz), and upper μ (10-12Hz). μ suppression→ a negative value (<0) indicates inhibition of μ waves, indicating activation in the motor cortex(Bae et al., 2012). | 20minutes |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIN JAU HONG, Ph.D. | Contact | 0929393300 | jhlin@kmu.edu.tw | |
| LIN YEN YU, Master's degree | Contact | 0988392631 | yenyu.lin88@yahoo.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| LIN JAU HONG, Ph.D. | Kaohsiung Medical University,department of Physical Therapy | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Physical Therapy | Recruiting | Kaohsiung City | 807 | Taiwan |
During the study period, to ensure subject privacy, only the implementers of this research project, monitors, regulatory authorities, and the institutional review board of our institution have the authority to access the data
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Participants were randomly assigned treatment groups:
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| Mirror Therapy + Electrical Stimulation | Other | Same as the mirror therapy protocol. Affected leg: electrical stimulation on tibialis anterior muscle. Frequency: 35 Hz, Pulse width: 250µs, Duration: 5 seconds, Rest: 5 seconds. |
|
| Mirror Therapy + Binaural Beat | Other | Same as the mirror therapy protocol. Listen to music (pink noise), with 14Hz binaural beat stimulation |
|
| Timed up and go test |
The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test assesses mobility by measuring the time it takes for someone to stand, walk a short distance, turn, and sit back down. Faster times suggest better mobility, while longer times may indicate mobility limitations or fall risk. It's a useful tool to evaluate functional capacity and guide interventions for improved mobility. |
| 5minutes |
| The postural assessment scale for stroke patients | Higher scores on the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) indicate greater difficulty in postural control and stability after a stroke. | 10 minutes |
| Barthel index | The Barthel Index assesses a person's ability to independently perform daily activities. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence. | 5minutes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000088762 | Mirror Movement Therapy |
| D004558 | Electric Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D010812 | Physical Stimulation |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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