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The goal of this interventional study is to compare improved outcomes among diabetes and/or hypertensive patients sequel to educational intervention. The study aims to answer the following questions:
Patients' baseline assessment would be carried out, after which they would receive educational materials and would be followed up by pharmacist. The baseline assessments would be repeated at three and six months after the intervention to measure the effectiveness of the intervention.
The anthropometric measurements would include weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, from which the body mass index and waist-hip ration would be calculated.
The assessment of the disease knowledge and attitude would be done using validated semi-structured questionnaires earlier designed by the principal investigator and used among ambulatory patients with diabetes and/or hypertension accessing care in tertiary healthcare facilities. The validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) would be utilized for participants' physical activity assessment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention arm | Experimental | All participants would undergo educational intervention by pharmacist. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational intervention | Behavioral | Educational materials would be given to all the participants. They would also be followed up by pharmacist. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure control | Participants' blood pressure in mmHg measured at baseline, 3- and 6-month postintervention would be compared to find out if there are changes. | 6 months |
| Blood glucose control of participants | Fasting blood glucose in mg/dL measured at baseline, 3- and 6-month postintervention. would be compared. | 6 months |
| Participants' level of disease knowledge and attitude | The knowledge and attitude scale in the semi-structured questionnaire would be evaluated at baseline, 3- and 6-month postintervention. | 6 months |
| Participants' body mass index calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. | Participants weight in kilograms and height in meters would be measured at baseline, 3- and 6-month postintervention. Their body mass index would be compared to find out if there are changes. | 6 months |
| Medication adherence of participants using a 4-item medication adherence scale | Participants' medication adherence would be evaluated at baseline, 3- and 6-month postintervention using Morisky, Green and Levine 4-item medication adherence scale. | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akinniyi A Aje / Dr., PhD | Contact | +2348035684484 | +234 | aje123@gmail.com |
| Modupe O Aroyewun / Pharm, B. Pharm | Contact | +2348061572544 | +234 | dupsydaniel@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aduke E Ipingbemi, PhD | University of Ibadan, Nigeria. | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan. | Ibadan | Oyo State | 200005 | Nigeria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33600078 | Background | Adeloye D, Owolabi EO, Ojji DB, Auta A, Dewan MT, Olanrewaju TO, Ogah OS, Omoyele C, Ezeigwe N, Mpazanje RG, Gadanya MA, Agogo E, Alemu W, Adebiyi AO, Harhay MO. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nigeria in 1995 and 2020: A systematic analysis of current evidence. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 May;23(5):963-977. doi: 10.1111/jch.14220. Epub 2021 Feb 18. | |
| 29761289 |
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I might not share this based on sensitive nature of data to be collected. However, the group data generated would be shared through publications in peer-reviewed journals for public consumption.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018479 | Early Intervention, Educational |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002662 | Child Health Services |
| D003153 | Community Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |
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| Background |
| Uloko AE, Musa BM, Ramalan MA, Gezawa ID, Puepet FH, Uloko AT, Borodo MM, Sada KB. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2018 Jun;9(3):1307-1316. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0441-1. Epub 2018 May 14. |
| 29927005 | Background | Milosavljevic A, Aspden T, Harrison J. Community pharmacist-led interventions and their impact on patients' medication adherence and other health outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Pharm Pract. 2018 Oct;26(5):387-397. doi: 10.1111/ijpp.12462. Epub 2018 Jun 21. |
| 33918990 | Background | Rajiah K, Sivarasa S, Maharajan MK. Impact of Pharmacists' Interventions and Patients' Decision on Health Outcomes in Terms of Medication Adherence and Quality Use of Medicines among Patients Attending Community Pharmacies: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 21;18(9):4392. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094392. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D011314 | Preventive Health Services |