The hypothesis of the study will be that the ratio of femoral vein diameter to femoral artery diameter will have correlation with fluid status in pediatrics.

Proper administration of intravenous fluids is an important part of treating circulatory failure in children and affects the clinical outcome of the management of the child's emergency. Giving a small amount of fluid will cause tissue hypoperfusion and worsen organ dysfunction and cause ischemia. On the other hand, excess fluid interferes with oxygen delivary, exacerbates treatment outcomes, increases complications, and extends both the length of the stay in intensive care and mortality. The use of bedside ultrasound by pediatric intensive care physicians has become so critical in recent years that it is now a component of physical examination in ICUs

Inclusion Criteria:

• children with American society of anaesthesiologist physical status 1-2
• 2-10 years of age
• scheduled for elective surgery
• signs of moderate to severe dehydration

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with mild dehydration.
• Patients with history of significant comorbid conditions or previous laparotomy.
• Congenital heart disease.
• Heart failure.
• Disorder of venous return like arteriovenous fistula, DVT or Varicose veins.
• Increase intra-abdominal pressure.

Preoperative children with ASA physical status 1-2, 2-10 years of age scheduled for elective surgery with signs of moderate to severe dehydration for assessment of fluid status just before induction of general anaesthesia