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This research plan aims to first collect data on the oral function and oral hygiene status of the elderly population in the community and to understand the normal model of oral frailty among the older adults in the community. Subsequently, a comparison will be made between the oral status of hospitalized patients and the community-dwelling elderly population. The goal is to verify whether oral odor can be used as an objective biological indicator following intervention.
The first stage will aim to examine the relationships between the level of oral frailty and pneumonia-associated pathogens, as well as to establish a mouth odor database among community-dwelling people; The second stage will compare the differences of the level of oral frailty, pneumonia associated pathogens, and mouth odor between 144 middle-aged and older healthy people and 160 hospitalization patients. The third stage will confirm whether the mouth odor is an effective biological maker to show the changes of oral frailty, pneumonia-associated pathogens, and mouth odor after oral management rehabilitation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group with oral management | Experimental | The investigators taught and monitored patients or caregivers to oral health care plus oral exercises such as salivary glands massage methods after meals and before sleep. |
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| Group with oral care | Experimental | The investigators taught and monitored patients or caregivers to do oral care after meals and before sleep. |
|
| Group with standard of care | No Intervention | Only provided oral care education. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral exercises and oral hygiene | Procedure | The patients will be required to perform oral exercises and maintain oral hygiene twice a day. The investigators will assess their oral frailty, oral bacteria, oral odor, and other related clinical care data on the following time points: day 1 of hospitalization, day 3 of hospitalization, the day of discharge, one week after discharge, and one month after discharge. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clearance of pneumonia associated oral bacteria | The investigators collected tongue specimens from participants for bacterial isolation and identification. The participants' specimens were collected using an eswab and sent for bacterial culture within 2 hours. Bacterial colonies were quantified (CFU/ml). To observe the variation caused by the number of bacteria, measurements were taken again after the intervention. The investigators assessed the clearance of bacteria based on the baseline. | The first day of admission (baseline) |
| Clearance of pneumonia associated oral bacteria | The investigators collected tongue specimens from participants for bacterial isolation and identification. The participants' specimens were collected using an eswab and sent for bacterial culture within 2 hours. Bacterial colonies were quantified (CFU/ml). To observe the variation caused by the number of bacteria, measurements were taken again after the intervention. The investigators assessed the clearance of bacteria based on the baseline. | Day 3 of admission |
| Clearance of pneumonia associated oral bacteria | The investigators collected tongue specimens from participants for bacterial isolation and identification. The participants' specimens were collected using an eswab and sent for bacterial culture within 2 hours. Bacterial colonies were quantified (CFU/ml). To observe the variation caused by the number of bacteria, measurements were taken again after the intervention. The investigators assessed the clearance of bacteria based on the baseline. | Discharge day |
| Clearance of pneumonia associated oral bacteria | The investigators collected tongue specimens from participants for bacterial isolation and identification. The participants' specimens were collected using an eswab and sent for bacterial culture within 2 hours. Bacterial colonies were quantified (CFU/ml). To observe the variation caused by the number of bacteria, measurements were taken again after the intervention. The investigators assessed the clearance of bacteria based on the baseline. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yen-Chin Chen | Contact | +886-6-2353535 | 2019 | yenchin2427@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University | Recruiting | Tainan | 704 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009058 | Mouth Breathing |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009910 | Oral Hygiene |
| D000091982 | Dental Care Team |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| Oral care | Procedure | The patients will be required to maintain oral hygiene twice a day. The investigators will assess their oral frailty, oral bacteria, oral odor, and other related clinical care data on the following time points: day 1 of hospitalization, day 3 of hospitalization, the day of discharge, one week after discharge, and one month after discharge. |
|
| 1-week after discharge day |
| Clearance of pneumonia associated oral bacteria | The investigators collected tongue specimens from participants for bacterial isolation and identification. The participants' specimens were collected using an eswab and sent for bacterial culture within 2 hours. Bacterial colonies were quantified (CFU/ml). To observe the variation caused by the number of bacteria, measurements were taken again after the intervention. The investigators assessed the clearance of bacteria based on the baseline. | 1-month after discharge day |
| oral frailty measures (oral functions) | The investigators measured seven items for patients to identify oral frailty including 1) the number of teeth, 2) masticatory ability, 3) difficulty making the "ta" sound, 4) tongue pressure, 5) abnormal swallowing pressure, and 6) tongue coating index (TCI), 7) oral dryness. Oral frailty was determined into three groups: non-oral frailty, 0 points; pre-oral frailty, 1-2 points; and oral frailty, ≥ 3 points. | The first day of admission (baseline) |
| oral frailty measures (oral functions) | The investigators measured seven items for patients to identify oral frailty including 1) the number of teeth, 2) masticatory ability, 3) difficulty making the "ta" sound, 4) tongue pressure, 5) abnormal swallowing pressure, and 6) tongue coating index (TCI), 7) oral dryness. Oral frailty was determined into three groups: non-oral frailty, 0 points; pre-oral frailty, 1-2 points; and oral frailty, ≥ 3 points. | Day 3 of admission |
| oral frailty measures (oral functions) | The investigators measured seven items for patients to identify oral frailty including 1) the number of teeth, 2) masticatory ability, 3) difficulty making the "ta" sound, 4) tongue pressure, 5) abnormal swallowing pressure, and 6) tongue coating index (TCI), 7) oral dryness. Oral frailty was determined into three groups: non-oral frailty, 0 points; pre-oral frailty, 1-2 points; and oral frailty, ≥ 3 points. | Discharge day |
| oral frailty measures (oral functions) | The investigators measured seven items for patients to identify oral frailty including 1) the number of teeth, 2) masticatory ability, 3) difficulty making the "ta" sound, 4) tongue pressure, 5) abnormal swallowing pressure, and 6) tongue coating index (TCI), 7) oral dryness. Oral frailty was determined into three groups: non-oral frailty, 0 points; pre-oral frailty, 1-2 points; and oral frailty, ≥ 3 points. | 1-week after discharge day |
| oral frailty measures (oral functions) | The investigators measured seven items for patients to identify oral frailty including 1) the number of teeth, 2) masticatory ability, 3) difficulty making the "ta" sound, 4) tongue pressure, 5) abnormal swallowing pressure, and 6) tongue coating index (TCI), 7) oral dryness. Oral frailty was determined into three groups: non-oral frailty, 0 points; pre-oral frailty, 1-2 points; and oral frailty, ≥ 3 points. | 1-month after discharge day |
| Oral odor | A participant was requested to exhale two gas sampling gas for testing. The investigators uesd an E-nose to identify the participants' odor. To assess the variation of oral odor after different interventions. | The first day of admission (baseline) |
| Oral odor | A participant was requested to exhale two gas sampling gas for testing. The investigators uesd an E-nose to identify the participants' odor. To assess the variation of oral odor after different interventions. | Day 3 of admission |
| Oral odor | A participant was requested to exhale two gas sampling gas for testing. The investigators uesd an E-nose to identify the participants' odor. To assess the variation of oral odor after different interventions. | Discharge day |
| Oral odor | A participant was requested to exhale two gas sampling gas for testing. The investigators uesd an E-nose to identify the participants' odor. To assess the variation of oral odor after different interventions. | 1-week after discharge day |
| Oral odor | A participant was requested to exhale two gas sampling gas for testing. The investigators uesd an E-nose to identify the participants' odor. To assess the variation of oral odor after different interventions. | 1-month after discharge day |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D006920 | Hygiene |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D011313 | Preventive Dentistry |
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D010348 | Patient Care Team |
| D010346 | Patient Care Management |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |