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Surgical treatment is the most effective way to achieve effective and sustainable weight loss in patients with obesity and to improve the comorbidities caused by it.
Although minimally invasive bariatric surgical procedures are applied today, postoperative pain is one of the most basic problems. Opioid-derived drugs used for pain control cause respiratory depression and constipation. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols recommend reducing opioid use after bariatric surgery to help patients have a healthier postoperative period.
Different methods such as transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and erector spinae plane (ESP) block are used to reduce the postoperative opioid dose and for effective pain control. While these methods are effective in controlling somatic pain, they have no effect on visceral pain.
It has been shown that patients' pain and opioid consumption decrease especially after celiac plexus block. Vagal and sympathetic afferent stimuli from the gastrointestinal tract, on the other hand, stimulate the vomiting center and cause nausea and vomiting. Paragastric neural block is a new method performed by injecting local anesthetic into the posterosuperior paragastric area in the area covering the left gastric artery by revealing the esophagogastric junction, proximal stomach, middle of the stomach, distal antrum, hepatoduodenal ligament and stomach posterior along the border of the lesser omentum. In this way, it is aimed to prevent both visceral pain and the symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
In our study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of paragastric nerve block applied during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy by comparing it with the control group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paragastric neural block | Active Comparator | Patients who were operated for sleeve gastrectomy were included in the study. Afterwards, they were divided into two groups. While pragastric neural block was applied to one group, no intervention was made to the other group. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Control grup |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paragastric neural block | Other | A block method used to control patients' symptoms of pain, nausea and vomiting after surgery. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative pain | The investigators used visual analog scale. Minimum value 0 (means no pain), maximum values 10 (means worst pain ever). | In first 24 hours |
| Postoperative nause and vomiting | The investigators used Post operative nause and vomiting impact scale. Minimum value 0, maximum values 6. Total score >4 defines clinically important postoperative nause and vomiting. | In first 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| First Rescue analgesia | Did patients need first rescue analgesia? | In first 24 hours |
| Second Rescue analgesia | Did patients need second rescue analgesia? |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mehmet K Katar, Assoc.Prof. | Atlas University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas university | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12513041 | Background | Peeters A, Barendregt JJ, Willekens F, Mackenbach JP, Al Mamun A, Bonneux L; NEDCOM, the Netherlands Epidemiology and Demography Compression of Morbidity Research Group. Obesity in adulthood and its consequences for life expectancy: a life-table analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Jan 7;138(1):24-32. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00008. | |
| 25562267 |
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Data will be shared after the article is published.
Start after the publication.
All results of working can be shared with researchers after the study is published.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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The patients were divided into two groups as perigastric neural block and control group.
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Randomization was performed by a general surgeon who would not be present during the block procedure. Patients were numbered sequentially according to the randomization scheme. Patient numbers were recorded in the follow-up files. Evaluation of the postoperative results was done by a general surgeon who was unaware of the group distributions. Since both the patients and the general surgeon who will make the evaluation did not know whether the block procedure was applied or not, the study was performed as double-blind.
| In first 24 hours |
| Rescue antiemetic | Did patients need rescue antiemetic drug? | In first 24 hours |
| Time to rescue antiemetic | When patients need rescue antiemetic drug? | In first 24 hours |
| Time to first rescue analgesia | When patients need first rescue analgesia? | In first 24 hours |
| Time to second rescue analgesia | when patients need second rescue analgesia? | In first 24 hours |
| First mobilization time | When patients start to walk? | In first 24 hours |
| Operation time | How long did the surgery take? | Through operation completion, an avarage of 1 hour |
| Patient satisfaction | The investigators used likert scale. Minimum value 1 (very unsatisfied), maximum values 5 (very satisfied). | In first 72 hours |
| Pulse before block | Pulse before block | at block moment |
| Pulse 10 minutes after the block | Pulse 10 minutes after the block | 10 minutes after the block |
| Sistolic blood pressure before the block | Sistolic blood pressure before the block | at block moment |
| Sistolic blood pressure 10 minutes after the block | Sistolic blood pressure 10 minutes after the block | 10 minutes after the block |
| Diastolic blood pressure before the block | Diastolic blood pressure before the block | at block moment |
| Diastolic blood pressure 10 minutes after the block | Diastolic blood pressure 10 minutes after the block | 10 minutes after the block |
| Complication at the block site | Were there any complications during the block? | Through operation, an avarage of 1 hour |
| Arterburn DE, Olsen MK, Smith VA, Livingston EH, Van Scoyoc L, Yancy WS Jr, Eid G, Weidenbacher H, Maciejewski ML. Association between bariatric surgery and long-term survival. JAMA. 2015 Jan 6;313(1):62-70. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.16968. |
| 35135657 | Background | Liu JJ, Brenner DM. Opioid-Related Constipation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;51(1):107-121. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.007. Epub 2022 Jan 8. |
| 27771314 | Background | Budiansky AS, Margarson MP, Eipe N. Acute pain management in morbid obesity - an evidence based clinical update. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017 Mar;13(3):523-532. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Sep 19. |
| 34984504 | Background | Stenberg E, Dos Reis Falcao LF, O'Kane M, Liem R, Pournaras DJ, Salminen P, Urman RD, Wadhwa A, Gustafsson UO, Thorell A. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: A 2021 Update. World J Surg. 2022 Apr;46(4):729-751. doi: 10.1007/s00268-021-06394-9. Epub 2022 Jan 4. |
| 30706309 | Background | Emile SH, Abdel-Razik MA, Elbahrawy K, Elshobaky A, Shalaby M, Elbaz SA, Gado WA, Elbanna HG. Impact of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block on Postoperative Pain and Early Outcome After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: a Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial. Obes Surg. 2019 May;29(5):1534-1541. doi: 10.1007/s11695-019-03720-y. |
| 34449029 | Background | Zengin SU, Ergun MO, Gunal O. Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block on Postoperative Pain and Intraoperative Opioid Consumption in Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg. 2021 Dec;31(12):5176-5182. doi: 10.1007/s11695-021-05681-7. Epub 2021 Aug 27. |
| 36050617 | Background | Daes J, Morrell DJ, Hanssen A, Caballero M, Luque E, Pantoja R, Luquetta J, Pauli EM. Paragastric Autonomic Neural Blockade to Prevent Early Visceral Pain and Associated Symptoms After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Obes Surg. 2022 Nov;32(11):3551-3560. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06257-9. Epub 2022 Sep 2. |
| 21997984 | Background | Kambadakone A, Thabet A, Gervais DA, Mueller PR, Arellano RS. CT-guided celiac plexus neurolysis: a review of anatomy, indications, technique, and tips for successful treatment. Radiographics. 2011 Oct;31(6):1599-621. doi: 10.1148/rg.316115526. |
| 24414338 | Background | Rana MV, Candido KD, Raja O, Knezevic NN. Celiac plexus block in the management of chronic abdominal pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014 Feb;18(2):394. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0394-z. |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |