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The proposed study will conduct a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of a cognitive-motor training program using a wearable sensor-based interactive system on the cognitive and physical abilities of older adults in the community. Study participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of two interventions: (a) motor-cognitive training (b) cognitive training. All interventions will last 50 minutes and will be delivered twice a week for 6 weeks. To determine the effectiveness of the interventions, the primary outcome will assess PFC activity and cognition, and the secondary outcome will assess aerobic capacity, balance, upper extremity muscle strength, lower extremity muscle strength, and instrumental activities of daily living tasks. All assessments will be administered one week before and one week after the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| cognitive-motor training group | Experimental | Participants will receive 50 minutes of cognitive-motor training twice per week for 6 weeks. The cognitive-motor training program uses a wearable sensor-based interactive system to perform cognitive tasks in a large space without the constraints of physical movement. Participants wear a wearable sensor-based device on their dominant arm or leg and use an interactive system to perform cognitive-motor tasks. |
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| cognition training group | Experimental | Participants will receive 50 minutes of cognitive training twice a week for 6 weeks. The cognitive training program will be delivered in booklet form, and participants will perform the cognitive tasks of the cognitive-motor training in a seated position with no physical movement. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cognitive-motor training | Behavioral | The cognitive-motor training program consists of five cognitive tasks related to concentration, reaction time, and executive function, combined with physical exercises using an interactive system. The five tasks include: (1) number sequence, (2) number-word sequence, (3) card matching games, (4) memorizing numbers, and (5) route-finding games. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in prefrontal cortex activation | Activation of the prefrontal cortex will be assessed by changes in HbO, and differences in PFC activity will be identified during cognitive tasks (memory, attention, and visuospatial cognition) before and after the assessment. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in cognition | For cognitive assessment, we will use the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The MoCA is a cognitive assessment tool used to identify MCI that assesses multiple cognitive domains, including memory, attention, language, visuospatial skills, executive function, and orientation to time and place. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Aerobic capacity | Aerobic capacity is measured using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The 6MWT measures the distance a subject can walk in six minutes. You can take as many breaks as you like and the examiner can provide a chair. The examiner records the distance you walk in six minutes, the number of breaks you take, and the duration of the breaks. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mapo senior welfare center | Seoul | 04099 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| D008224 | Lymphoma, Follicular |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D008228 | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin |
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Prospective, parallel-group randomized study
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| cognition training | Behavioral | The intervention consists of five cognitive tasks (memory, attention, spatial and temporal perception) with difficulty levels adapted to the individual's cognitive abilities. |
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| Change in dynamic balance function 1 | The Four Square Step Test (FSST) is used to assess dynamic balance ability. The FSST consists of stepping safely and as quickly as possible, without touching the sticks, over four sticks placed in a criss-cross configuration on the floor, and is scored by recording the time in seconds. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in dynamic balance function 2 | Dynamic balance is assessed using the Functional Reach Test (FRT). The FRT measures the distance (in centimeters) that the head of the third metacarpal of the hand moves by extending the arm forward without moving the foot from a standing position. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in static balance function | To assess static balance, using the Single Leg Stance Test (SLS). The SLS measures the number of seconds standing on one leg with hands on hips and eyes open. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in upper extremity strengthen | Upper extremity strength is assessed with the arm curl test. On women perform a biceps curl with a 2.3 kg dumbbell and men with a 3.6 kg dumbbell. They are seated in a chair with no armrests or backrest. Scoring is based on the number of repetitions performed in 30 seconds. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in grip strengthen | Grip strength is measured using a dynamometer and the subject is seated in a chair with arms extended, natural rotation, elbow flexed 90 degrees, forearm at natural angle and wrist in dorsiflexion between 0 and 30 degrees. The subject is then asked to grip the dynamometer for 3 seconds and the average value (kg) over 3 trials is recorded. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in lower extremity strengthen | Lower extremity strength is assessed using the 5 sit to stand test (5xSST). The 5xSST measures the number of seconds a subject can go from sitting to standing and back to sitting five times, with the shorter the time, the better the strength. | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| Change in Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADLs) | IADLs require higher cognitive skills than basic activities of daily living, and IADLs can detect functional changes in the early stages of dementia. Instrumental IADLs are assessed using the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). The FAQ can differentiate between Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease(AD). | change from baseline to 6 week post intervention |
| D008223 |
| Lymphoma |
| D009370 | Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D008232 | Lymphoproliferative Disorders |
| D008206 | Lymphatic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
| D007160 | Immunoproliferative Disorders |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |