The goal of this clinical trial is to compare in patients undergoing thoracic procedures the lung inflammatory response in on one-lung ventilation and two-lung ventilation strategies The main question to answer is:

• Lung inflammation differs when comparing one to two-lung ventilation strategies during the procedure? Participants will be divided in the classic one lung ventilation or two lung ventilation (using pneumothorax with CO2) and different biomarkers of lung inflammation will be measured after procedures.

Inclusion Criteria:

• A diagnosis of pleural or mediastinal pathology that requires diagnostic or therapeutic surgical intervention;
• Written consent to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women;
• Patients on mechanical ventilation prior to the procedure;
• Patients classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) as class 4;
• Patients with subpulmonary or diaphragmatic pathologies, where it is believed that the two pulmonary technique is superior;
• Impossibility of using a double-lumen tube or difficult intubation;
• Patient does not support one-lung ventilation;
• Patient with previous lung resection surgery