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Multiple Sclerosis (MS), caused by lesions in the white matter of the central nervous system, is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating chronic disease.
The disease may present with many findings from fatigue, spasticity, balance and gait disturbances to bladder-bowel dysfunction (Ferreira, A.P.S., et al., 2019). When the rehabilitation methods for incontinence were examined, pelvic floor muscle training, tibial nerve stimulation and sacral neuromodulation were frequently encountered (Rahnama'I, MS., 2020). Pelvic floor muscle training should create an effective result in MS patients, and the training should be done for a long time, such as 8-12 weeks. No study has been found examining the effects of manual therapy techniques and diaphragmatic breathing exercise in the acute phase in functional or neurogenic bladder-intestinal dysfunctions.
The study was planned as a randomized controlled trial. MS patients included in the study will be divided into two groups according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diaphragmatic breathing exercises and sacral relaxation, bladder mobilization, which are osteopathic manual therapy techniques, will be applied to the study group. On the other hand, only diaphragmatic breathing exercises will be applied to the control group.
Individuals will be treated in a single session. The acute effect of intervention will be examined by making a total of 3 evaluations, pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1 week after the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Sham Comparator | In the control group, diaphragmatic breathing exercises will be performed together with the physiotherapist. Osteopathic manual therapy techniques will be applied as sham. The physiotherapist will not touch the appropriate anatomical points while performing the loosening. |
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| Study Group | Experimental | In addition to breathing exercises, sacral release and bladder mobilization, which are osteopathic manual therapy techniques, will be applied to the patients in the study group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| breathing exercises | Other | For the diaphragmatic breathing exercise, patients are asked to perform a nasal inspiration and expiration that moves predominantly the abdomen by reducing the movement of the thorax in the semi-supine position. To give tactile stimulation, one hand of the patient is placed on the chest with the other hand on the abdominal region. Continue this exercise for three minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Spasticity Assessment | The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the most common test used in clinical and research, will be used to assess spasticity. The reliability of the scale has been proven among raters in the lower extremities. According to the resistance to passive movement, the lowest score of the manual scale is 0 and the highest score is 4. The higher the score, the higher the spasticity. | Change from MAS scale at one week |
| Evaluation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity | easurements are performed with surface electrodes and a device similar to a biofeedback device (NeuroTrac ETSâ„¢; Verity Medical, Romsey, UK) to evaluate pelvic floor muscle activity. The biofeedback device is used to train and test the pelvic floor muscles. As the values increase, so does the muscular activity. | Change from Muscle Activity scale at one week |
| International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form ICIQ-SF | To evaluate urinary incontinence and the effect of urinary incontinence on quality of life, Avery et al. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale developed by Çetinel et al. Made by in 2004. The scale has four dimensions, in the first dimension how often urinary incontinence is, in the second dimension the amount of urinary incontinence, in the third dimension the effects of urinary incontinence on daily life and in the fourth dimension the conditions that cause urinary incontinence are questioned. The first three dimensions are scored in the evaluation. The answers given to the fourth dimension, which is not scored, are used to determine the type of urinary incontinence based on the individual's complaints. A score between 0 and 21 is obtained from the scale. A low score indicates that urinary incontinence affects the quality of life little, while a high score indicates that it affects the quality of life very much. | Change from ICIQ-SF at one week |
| Constipation Quality of Life Scale: Constipation Quality of Life Scale (CIQS) | CIQS is a self-assessment scale consisting of 28 items in total, consisting of "anxiety/anxiety" (11 items), "physical discomfort" (4 items), "psycho-social discomfort" (8 items), "satisfaction" (five items). The highest score that can be obtained from the five-point Likert scale is 140, and the lowest score is 28. It is thought that the quality of life is negatively affected as the scores obtained from the scale increase. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuba Maden | Contact | 05319340249 | tuba.kmaden@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuba Maden | Recruiting | Gaziantep | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| D059952 | Pelvic Floor Disorders |
| D014549 | Urinary Incontinence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001945 | Breathing Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026241 | Exercise Movement Techniques |
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Randomized Controlled Trial Study and Control Group
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|
| osteopathic manual therapy techniques | Other |
|
|
| Change from CIQS at one week |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D014555 | Urination Disorders |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D059411 | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms |
| D020924 | Urological Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D026741 |
| Physical Therapy Modalities |