To conduct a retrospective study to examine the effect of these conservative treatments to the symptoms and quality of life of patients with urinary incontinence. The investigators will use both subjective and objective assessment parameters, such as self-report symptoms, bladder diary, pad test and urodynamic study to access the improvement.

Urinary incontinence is a common problem among women. The main types include stress incontinence, urge incontinence, and overflow incontinence. Other underlying pathology, such as cancer or neurologic disease can also cause urinary incontinence. To limit the medical expenses and possible complications of surgical treatment, the current treatment guidelines recommend conservative treatment as the first choice. According to American Urological Association (AUA)/Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU) guidelines, the first-line treatment for non-neurologic overactive bladder should be behavioral therapy, such as bladder training, water restriction, and pelvic floor muscle training, physiological feedback, pessary, etc. Bladder training aims to increase the time interval between voids, and to increase the bladder capacity by self-adjusted schedules. Pelvic floor muscle training strengthens the pelvic floor muscles to provide urethral support to prevent urine leakage and suppress urgency. There is strong evidence that pelvic floor muscle training is beneficial for stress urinary incontinence.

The second-line treatment is medication, including anticholinergic drugs and ß3 adrenoceptor-acting agents. Anticholinergic drugs can reduce bladder detrusor contraction, and ß3 adrenoceptor-acting agents can relax the detrusor and increase bladder capacity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult female patient diagnosed with urinary incontinence through clinical assessment
• Diagnosed at Mackay Memorial Hospital and underwent non-surgical treatment and subsequent follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Choosing invasive or surgical treatment options (such as bladder botulinum toxin injection, urethral sling surgery).
• Unable to comply with regular follow-up for at least one year.
• Pregnant women
• Patients with a history of neuromuscular disorders.

Diagnosed at Mackay Memorial Hospital, the adult female patient was clinically assessed and diagnosed with urinary incontinence. Non-surgical treatments were administered, followed by subsequent monitoring and follow-up.

For we uncertain if this might violate personal information laws in our country.