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The investigators are conducting this research study to examine whether oxytocin enhances social safety learning (learning safety through the experience of another individual) in people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) compared to healthy volunteers. Oxytocin is a hormone that can also act as a chemical messenger in the brain. Oxytocin plays a role in a number of functions, including responding to fear and social interactions. In this study, the investigators would like to compare the effects of oxytocin and placebo nasal sprays in adults with SAD and healthy adults. This research study will compare an oxytocin nasal spray to a placebo nasal spray. About 120 people will take part in this research study, all at the University of Washington (UW).
The goal of the current study is to examine the potential role of oxytocin in enhancing social learning in SAD. The investigators' primary hypothesis is that vicarious extinction learning will contribute to safety learning and that oxytocin will potentiate vicarious extinction learning in patients with SAD, compared to healthy controls (HC). The investigators will directly test the effect of intranasal oxytocin and matching placebo on the brain mechanisms underlying vicarious extinction learning using a novel task. 60 adults with SAD and 60 healthy control participants will perform a task that involves three phases: (i) a standard social fear acquisition procedure while in a mock scanner, followed by (ii) a vicarious extinction and (iii) fear reinstatement test procedure, while being scanned during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants will receive oxytocin or placebo prior to the extinction phase. The investigators will also measure skin conductance responses as an index of learning in each phase.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical | Experimental | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive either an oxytocin or placebo administration (blind randomization). |
|
| Controls | Placebo Comparator | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive either an oxytocin or placebo administration (blind randomization). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxytocin nasal spray or placebo | Drug | Single acute administration of 24 international units (IU) oxytocin or matching placebo |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase |
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Inclusion Criteria:
For Clinical Sample
For Healthy Sample
Exclusion Criteria:
For All Groups
For Clinical Sample
For Healthy Sample
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Angela Fang, PhD | University of Washington | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Washington | Seattle | Washington | 98195 | United States |
121 participants were consented and assessed for eligibility. 104 participants were randomized to drug group (10 patients with SAD and 7 healthy participants were excluded due to ineligibility). In the SAD group, 7 did not meet criteria for SAD or SAD was not primary, 3 had active substance use disorders in the past 6 months, 1 had a history of brain lesion, 1 had current psychotherapy, and 1 had past manic episode. In the healthy group, 6 had past depression and 1 had subclinical SAD symptoms.
Participants were recruited from the community via online and print advertisements and through local research volunteer databases.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Clinical-Placebo | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| FG001 | Clinical-Oxytocin | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| FG002 | Controls-Placebo | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| FG003 | Controls-Oxytocin | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Participants were assigned via blind randomization to receive either oxytocin or placebo administration. One control subject who received placebo withdrew prior to the MRI so we don't have fMRI outcome measures for that participant. We include them in baseline characteristics.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Clinical-Placebo | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| BG001 | Clinical-Oxytocin |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Age measured in years |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
|
From drug administration through the end of the experimental session, an average of 2 hours
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Clinical-Placebo | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal irritation/discomfort, Runny Nose, Irritation in throat, Dry throat and mouth | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angela Fang | University of Washington | 206-616-5783 | angfang@uw.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Sep 13, 2024 | Dec 6, 2025 | Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Dec 5, 2025 | Dec 23, 2025 | SAP_002.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072861 | Phobia, Social |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010698 | Phobic Disorders |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. |
| immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Extinction | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Extinction | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Extinction | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Extinction | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Extinction | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Extinction | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Reinstatement | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Reinstatement | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Reinstatement | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Reinstatement | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Reinstatement | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Reinstatement | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
| Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization).
| BG002 | Controls-Placebo | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| BG003 | Controls-Oxytocin | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Standard Deviation |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) | The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is an instrument designed to measure past weak social anxiety symptom severity. The scale consists of 24 items, each rated on a scale of 0 to 3 for fear and 0 to 3 for avoidance. The total score ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 144. with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale- 21 is a 21-item questionnaire designed to measure past week symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Total scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater severity. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| skin conductance responses (SCR) to CS- during Acquisition | For each CS- trial, conditioned SCRs were measured as the peak-baseline amplitude difference in skin conductance to the peak response (in microsiemens (uS)) in the 0.5-5.5 second window following stimulus onset. Baseline amplitude was defined as the minimum response preceding the peak response within the stimulus response window. Responses below 0 and 0.02 uS were scored as zero during acquisition. | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens |
|
| skin conductance responses (SCR) to CS+ during Acquisition | For each CS+ trial, conditioned SCRs were measured as the peak-baseline amplitude difference in skin conductance to the peak response (in microsiemens (uS)) in the 0.5-5.5 second window following stimulus onset. Baseline amplitude was defined as the minimum response preceding the peak response within the stimulus response window. Responses below 0 and 0.02 uS were scored as zero during acquisition. | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens |
|
This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization).
| OG001 | Clinical-Oxytocin | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| OG002 | Controls-Placebo | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
| OG003 | Controls-Oxytocin | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). |
|
|
| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
|
|
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
|
|
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | changes in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Extinction | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Extinction | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Extinction | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Extinction | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Extinction | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Extinction | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS- During Reinstatement | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS- stimuli during Reinstatement | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+S During Reinstatement | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+S stimuli during Reinstatement | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) to CS+R During Reinstatement | mean skin conductance responses (SCR) for CS+R stimuli during Reinstatement | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | microsiemens | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS- (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Extinction Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during vicarious extinction (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Amygdala During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the amygdala region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Insula During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the insula during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the insula region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Hippocampus During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the hippocampus during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the hippocampus region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior cingulate cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the anterior cingulate cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+S vs CS- Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during fear reinstatement, which tests the return of fear (specifically for CS+S versus CS- conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. A lack of difference between these two task conditions is desirable, indicating processing both task conditions as safety cues. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD responses | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| Primary | Neural Responses in the CS+R vs CS+S Contrast in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex During the Reinstatement Phase | Change in task-related blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during fear reinstatement, which tests for the return of fear (specifically for CS+R (reinforced) versus CS+S (non-reinforced) conditions). Changes in BOLD responses refer to differences in neural responses between these two task conditions, which were extracted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest and estimated using a general linear model. Higher mean responses reflect greater discrimination (better able to distinguish between threat and safety cues) between the task conditions. | One healthy control participant who was allocated to the placebo group decided they no longer wanted to participate in fMRI scan. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | change in BOLD signal | immediately (45 minutes) after receiving drug |
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| 0 |
| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| 11 |
| 23 |
| EG001 | Clinical-Oxytocin | This group consists of individuals with at least moderate symptoms of social anxiety disorder. This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization) | 0 | 28 | 0 | 28 | 17 | 28 |
| EG002 | Controls-Placebo | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive a placebo administration (assigned via blind randomization). | 0 | 28 | 0 | 28 | 16 | 28 |
| EG003 | Controls-Oxytocin | This group consists of a healthy sample of individuals (no lifetime diagnoses of mania or psychotic disorders). This group will receive an oxytocin administration (assigned via blind randomization). | 0 | 24 | 0 | 24 | 13 | 24 |
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| Lightheaded, Headache, Tired, Drowsy, Sleepy | Nervous system disorders | Systematic Assessment |
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| Irritability | Psychiatric disorders | Systematic Assessment |
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Not provided
Not provided