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Alcohol use is increasingly prevalent in modern society and is known to cause cognitive impairment and dysregulation of inflammatory responses. In the present study, the investigators want to perform a randomised controlled trials to test whether nitrate could change the oral microbiota and benefit the cognitive impairment in alcohol dependence patients. The investigators survey the oral bacterial communities in saliva samples of 70 alcohol dependent patients following 14 days of dietary inorganic nitrate (nitrate-rich beetroot juice, ~750 mg NO3- /d) and placebo (nitrate-depleted beetroot juice, ~1 mg NO3- /d) supplementation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group N | Experimental |
| |
| Group P | Placebo Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nitrate-rich beetroot juice | Dietary Supplement | nitrate-rich beetroot juice, ~750 mg NO3- /d |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes of Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (all delays) from baseline to post-intervention | Test by DMS-PCAD (Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct , all delays) | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Spatial Working Memory Between Errors from baseline to post-intervention | Test by SWM-BE (The Spatial Working Memory Between Errors ) | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes of oral microbiota from baseline to post-intervention | Saliva samples were used to test the composition of microbiota by 16S RNA sequencing. | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of gut microbiota from baseline to post-intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Test by blood pressure monitor | baseline and post-intervention (two weeks after baseline test) |
| Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-a in serum | The collected serum samples were used to test the levels of TNF-a by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hongqiang Sun | Peking University Sixth Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Liangjun Pang | Anhui mental health central | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anhui mental health center | Hefei | Anhui | 230022 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D065817 | Congenital Microtia |
| D000437 | Alcoholism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004427 | Ear Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
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| nitrate-depleted beetroot juice |
| Dietary Supplement |
nitrate-depleted beetroot juice, ~1 mg NO3- /d |
|
Feces samples were used to test the composition of microbiota by 16S RNA sequencing. |
| baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (0 seconds delay) from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (0 seconds delay) | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (4 seconds delay) from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (4 seconds delay) | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (12 seconds delay) from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Delayed Match to Sample Percent Correct (12 seconds delay) | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Spatial Working Memory errors 4 boxes from baseline to post-intervention | Test by The Spatial Working Memory errors 4 boxes | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Spatial Working Memory errors 6 boxes from baseline to post-intervention | Test by The Spatial Working Memory errors 6 boxes | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Spatial Working Memory errors 8 boxes from baseline to post-intervention | Test by The Spatial Working Memory errors 8 boxes | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift test Stages Completed from baseline to post-intervention | Test by The Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift test Stages Completed | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Intra-Extra Dimensional Completed Stage Errors from baseline to post-intervention | Test by The Intra-Extra Dimensional Completed Stage Errors | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Cambridge Gambling Task Risk Adjustment Merged: Risk adjustment from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Cambridge Gambling Task Risk Adjustment Merged: Risk adjustment | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Cambridge Gambling Decision Making Quality Total Merged from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Cambridge Gambling Decision Making Quality Total Merged | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Cambridge Gambling Delay Aversion Total from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Cambridge Gambling Delay Aversion Total | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Reaction Time Median Five-Choice Movement Time from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Reaction Time Median Five-Choice Movement Time | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Reaction Time Median Five-Choice Reaction Time from baseline to post-intervention | Test by Reaction Time Median Five-Choice Reaction Time | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Rapid Visual Information Processing test Probability of False Alarm from baseline to post-intervention | Test by the Rapid Visual Information Processing test Probability of False Alarm | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Rapid Visual Information Processing test A prime from baseline to post-intervention | Test by the Rapid Visual Information Processing test A prime | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of Rapid Visual Information Processing test Median Response Latency from baseline to post-intervention | Test by the Rapid Visual Information Processing test Median Response Latency | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of nitrate levels in serum from baseline to post-intervention | The collected serum samples were used to test the levels of nitrate and nitrite by High Performance Liquid Chromatography \ HPLC | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Changes of nitrite levels in serum from baseline to post-intervention | The collected serum samples were used to test the levels of nitrate and nitrite by High Performance Liquid Chromatography \ HPLC | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| The blood biochemical related parameters includes liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) | The collected venous blood were sent to the department of clinical laboratory and the investigators recorded the laboratory report. | baseline and post-intervention (two weeks after baseline test) |
| The blood biochemical related parameters blood fat (cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein | The collected venous blood were sent to the department of clinical laboratory and the investigators recorded the laboratory report. | baseline and post-intervention (two weeks after baseline test) |
| Cytokine Interleukin-1b in serum | The collected serum samples were used to test the levels of IL-1b by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay | baseline and post-intervention(two weeks after baseline test) |
| Cytokine Interleukin-6 in serum | The collected serum samples were used to test the levels of IL-6 by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay | baseline and post-intervention (two weeks after baseline test) |
| Cytokine Interleukin-10 in serum | The collected serum samples were used to test the levels of IL-10 by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay | baseline and post-intervention (two weeks after baseline test) |
| D019973 | Alcohol-Related Disorders |
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |