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In this study, PECS II block or CSAB will be applied to patients who have had a modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia for postoperative pain relief by using 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine .All patients will receive tramadol with a patient-controlled analgesia device during the postoperative period. Pain, nausea-vomiting, additional analgesic and antiemetic drug requirement, within 24 hours postoperatively will be compared between groups.
In this study, it was aimed to compare the efficacy of both peripheral nerve block methods in patients after mastectomy.
Breast cancer ranks first among the most common malignant neoplasms in women. Surgery has been a mainstay of breast cancer treatment for several decades and historically, a modified radical mastectomy was the primary method of treatment for breast cancer. Poorly controlled acute postoperative pain is associated with increased morbidity, functional and quality-of-life impairment. Additionally, severe acute postoperative pain is found to be a risk factor for chronic pain.
Thoracic paravertebral, thoracic epidural, intercostal nerve, and interscalene brachial plexus blocks have been used for anesthesia and abirritation during modified radical mastectomy, but their application is limited due to the complex nature of the procedures and serious complications. There is growing interest in the pectoralis nerve (PECS) blocks and serratus anterior block (SAB) which are less invasive as an analgesic technique during breast surgeries to reduce postoperative pain.
The Pecs I block is a single injection of local anaesthetic between pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles at the level of the 3rd rib to anaesthetise the lateral and medial pectoral nerves. The Pecs II block is a modified Pecs I block and can be achieved with one needle insertion point. Local anaesthetic is placed between pectorals major and minor as for a Pecs I block and then between pectoralis minor and serratus anterior muscles.
Numerous clinical studies focusing on the analgesic potential of PECS block in breast augmentation surgery, small breast surgery and breast cancer surgery have yielded positive results. SAD is more superficial, easy to access and less likely to have complications like PECS block. SAPB can be implemented in two ways. Deep SAB (DSAB) is applied under the serratus anterior muscle, while superficial SAB (YSAB) is applied over the serratus anterior muscle. In recent years, deep and superficial SAB, that is, combined SAB (CSAB), has been started to be applied in order to increase the effect area of local anesthetics and to prevent block failure.
In this study, PECS II block or CSAB will be applied to patients who have had a modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia for postoperative pain relief by using 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine .All patients will receive tramadol with a patient-controlled analgesia device during the postoperative period. Pain, nausea-vomiting, additional analgesic and antiemetic drug requirement, within 24 hours postoperatively will be compared between groups.
In this study, it was aimed to compare the efficacy of both peripheral nerve block methods in patients after mastectomy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with PECS II Block | PECS 2 block will be applied to patients in this group. |
| |
| Patients with Combined Serratus Anterior Plane Block | Combined Serratus Anterior Plane Block will be applied to patients in this group. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PECS II Block | Other | The Pecs II block is applied to the patients after induction of anesthesia . |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Participants recorded pain rated on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6 time points. NRS range was from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. | 0 hours postoperatively |
| Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Participants recorded pain rated on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6 time points. NRS range was from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. | 2 hours postoperatively |
| Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Participants recorded pain rated on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6 time points. NRS range was from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. | 4 hours postoperatively |
| Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Participants recorded pain rated on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6 time points. NRS range was from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. | 8 hours postoperatively |
| Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Participants recorded pain rated on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6 time points. NRS range was from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. | 12 hours postoperatively |
| Pain on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) | Participants recorded pain rated on the numeric rating scale (NRS) at 6 time points. NRS range was from 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 the worst pain possible. | 24 hours postoperatively |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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patients who undergone mastectomy surgery
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yusuf Ozguner | Ankara Etlik City Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara Etlik City Hospital | Ankara | Varlık Mahallesi, Halil Sezai Erkut Caddesi Yenimahalle | 06170 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29794801 | Result | Maranto CJ, Strickland NR, Goree JH. Combined Superficial and Deep Serratus Plane Block With Bupivacaine, Dexamethasone, and Clonidine in the Treatment of a Patient With Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2018 Nov 1;11(9):236-237. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000792. | |
| 31045802 | Result | Zhao J, Han F, Yang Y, Li H, Li Z. Pectoral nerve block in anesthesia for modified radical mastectomy: A meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 May;98(18):e15423. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015423. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| Combined Serratus Anterior Plane Block | Other | Combined Serratus Anterior Plane Block is applied to the patients after induction of anesthesia . |
|
| Total opioid consumption | All patients will receive tramadol with a patient-controlled analgesia device during the postoperative period. | 24 hours postoperatively |
| 32109825 | Result | Grape S, Jaunin E, El-Boghdadly K, Chan V, Albrecht E. Analgesic efficacy of PECS and serratus plane blocks after breast surgery: A systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2020 Aug;63:109744. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109744. Epub 2020 Feb 25. |
| 40721998 | Derived | Ozguner Y, Yazar CO, Aydin F, Zengin M, Arik E, Kotanoglu MS, Altinsoy S, Ergil J. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of combined superficial and deep serratus anterior plane block versus pectoserratus plane block following modified radical mastectomy surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 2025 Jul 28;25(1):358. doi: 10.1186/s12871-025-03213-9. |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |