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Vaccine responses in patients treated with anti-CD20 antibodies (ocrelizumab and ofatumumab) or S1P receptor modulators (fingolimod and siponimod) were evaluated before and after third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Total spike protein and spike receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were measured by Luminex bead-based assay. Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were measured by activation-induced marker expression.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| HC | Healthy control | ||
| OFA | Received ofatumumab | ||
| OCR | Received ocrelizumab | ||
| S1P | Received sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of participants achieving humoral response (i.e. immune response) to an FDA-authorized COVID 19 vaccine in ofatumumab treated participants | varied up to 6 months | |
| Percentage of participants achieving T-cell response (i.e. immune response) to an FDA-authorized COVID 19 vaccine in ofatumumab treated participants | varied up to 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria
All Participants:
Exclusion Criteria
All Participants:
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This was a retrospective, noninterventional cohort study
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novartis | East Hanover | New Jersey | 07936 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |