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Group A will be training group and group B will be control group. Deep breathing exercises will be done as baseline treatment in both groups. Both groups will be assessed with Modified Borg scale, 6-PBRT and Fatigue severity scale at the baseline. The control group patients will perform functional active alternating movements for the upper limbs at home involving three sets with 10 repetitions and a rest interval between 1- and 2-minute.
Intervention will be for 3 times a week or 6 weeks. The treatment group patients will perform upper extremity aerobic exercises by using an arm ergometer under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Training intensity will adjust according to 50 80 % of max HR or intensity of dyspnea to 4 points on modified Borg scale (MBS) for at least 15 45 min, 3 times/week over 6 weeks.
Group A will be training group and group B will be control group. Deep breathing exercises will be done as baseline treatment in both groups. Both groups will be assessed with Modified Borg scale, 6-PBRT and Fatigue severity scale at the baseline. The control group patients will perform functional active alternating movements for the upper limbs at home involving three sets with 10 repetitions and a rest interval between 1- and 2-minute.
Intervention will be for 3 times a week or 6 weeks. The treatment group patients will perform upper extremity aerobic exercises by using an arm ergometer under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Training intensity will adjust according to 50 80 % of max HR or intensity of dyspnea to 4 points on modified Borg scale (MBS) for at least 15 45 min, 3 times/week over 6 weeks. This study will measure and record HR by using the heart rate monitor, oxygen saturation (SpO2) by using pulse oximetry and blood pressure, breathing frequency (BF), dyspnea, fatigue, and arm fatigue by using MBS before, during, and after training.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| upper extremity aerobic exercises | Experimental | The treatment group patients will perform upper extremity aerobic exercises by using an arm ergometer under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Training intensity will adjust according to 50 80 % of max HR or intensity of dyspnea to 4 points on modified Borg scale (MBS) for at least 15 45 min,3 times/week over 6 weeks. |
|
| active alternating movements for the upper limbs a | Experimental | The control group patients will perform functional active alternating movements for the upper limbs at home involving three sets with 10 repetitions and a rest interval between 1- and 2-minute. Intervention will be for 3 times a week or 6 weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aerobic exercises | Other | The treatment group patients will perform upper extremity aerobic exercises by using an arm ergometer under the supervision of a physiotherapist. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 6 MWT | The 6MWT is a practical simple test that requires a 100-ft hallway but no exercise equipment or advanced training for technicians. This test measures the distance that a patient can quickly walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes (the 6MWD).The self-paced 6MWT assesses the submaximal level of functional capacity. | 4 weeks |
| Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) | Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is an outcome measure scale used in knowing exercise intensity prescription. It is used in monitoring progress and mode of exercise in cardiac patients as well as in other patient populations undergoing rehabilitation and endurance training.Borg RPE scale was developed by Gunnar Borg for rating exertion and breathlessness during physical activity ; that is, how hard the activity is as shown by high heart and respiration rate , profuse perspiration and muscle exertion. | 4 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sidra Faisal, MS.CPPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National hospital and Ittefaq hospital in Lahore | Lahore | Punjab Province | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33853885 | Background | Malenfant S, Lebret M, Breton-Gagnon E, Potus F, Paulin R, Bonnet S, Provencher S. Exercise intolerance in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insight into central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms. Eur Respir Rev. 2021 Apr 13;30(160):200284. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0284-2020. Print 2021 Jun 30. | |
| 31663077 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000081029 | Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006976 | Hypertension, Pulmonary |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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Group A will be training group and group B will be control group. Deep breathing exercises will be done as baseline treatment in both groups. Both groups will be assessed with Modified Borg scale, 6-PBRT and Fatigue severity scale at the baseline. The control group patients will perform functional active alternating movements for the upper limbs at home involving three sets with 10 repetitions and a rest interval between 1- and 2-minute.
Intervention will be for 3 times a week or 6 weeks
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| active alternating movements for the upper limbs | Other | The control group patients will perform functional active alternating movements for the upper limbs at home involving three sets with 10 repetitions and a rest interval between 1- and 2-minute. Intervention will be for 3 times a week or 6 weeks. |
|
| Karapolat H, Cinar ME, Tanigor G, Nalbantgil S, Kayikcioglu M, Mogulkoc N, Kultursay H. Effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation on pulmonary arterial hypertension: A prospective, randomized study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 May 8;65(3):278-286. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2019.2758. eCollection 2019 Sep. |
| 36078768 | Background | Cedeno de Jesus S, Almadana Pacheco V, Valido Morales A, Muniz Rodriguez AM, Ayerbe Garcia R, Arnedillo-Munoz A. Exercise Capacity and Physical Activity in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis after a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Home-Based Programme: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 3;19(17):11039. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191711039. |
| 32498263 | Background | Waller L, Kruger K, Conrad K, Weiss A, Alack K. Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 2;9(6):1689. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061689. |
| 33972341 | Background | McCormack C, Kehoe B, Hardcastle SJ, McCaffrey N, McCarren A, Gaine S, McCullagh B, Moyna N. Pulmonary hypertension and home-based (PHAHB) exercise intervention: protocol for a feasibility study. BMJ Open. 2021 May 10;11(5):e045460. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045460. |
| 32642177 | Background | Zeng X, Chen H, Ruan H, Ye X, Li J, Hong C. Effectiveness and safety of exercise training and rehabilitation in pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2020 May;12(5):2691-2705. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2020.03.69. |