A Study of GNC-035 in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Hematological Malignancies

Phase Ib/II Clinical Study of GNC-035 Tetra-specific Antibody Injection in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Hematological Malignancies

An open-label, multicenter, phase Ib/II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of GNC-035 quad-specific antibody injection in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other hematological malignancies

Phase Ib: To observe the safety and tolerability of GNC-035 in patients with hematologic malignancies such as relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), or maximum dose if MTD is not reached (MAD), of GNC-035. To determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) in hematologic malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phase II: To explore the efficacy of GNC-035 in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other hematological malignancies.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects can understand the informed consent form, voluntarily participate in and sign the informed consent form;

2. No gender limit;

3. Age: ≥18 years old (≤75 years old for climbing);

4. expected survival time ≥3 months;

5. Patients with hematological malignancies such as relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia confirmed by histology or cytology;

6. For relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL/SLL), specifically:

   Patients who have relapsed after at least one line of standard therapy or have no response to or intolerance to standard regimens; Patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia who were not or were ineligible for/intolerant of other therapies according to investigator assessment.

   Relapsed and refractory were defined as follows:

   Relapse was defined as disease progression after a response to adequate treatment, including at least one regimen containing a BTK inhibitor.

   Refractory was defined as refractory to BTK inhibitor, failure to achieve remission after adequate treatment with BTK inhibitor-containing regimens (combination therapy or monotherapy), or disease progression during treatment or within 6 months after completion of adequate treatment.

7. For other patients with relapsed refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These include:

   Patients who experience failure of at least two lines of therapy; Relapsed or refractory patients who are not or are ineligible for/intolerant of other therapies as judged by the investigator.

   Relapsed and refractory were defined as follows:

   Relapse was defined as disease progression after a response to adequate treatment, including at least one anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.

   Refractory was defined as refractory to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, failure to achieve remission after adequate treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (combination therapy or monotherapy), or disease progression during treatment or 6 months after completion of adequate treatment.

   Among them, "adequate treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody" refers to the completion of full cycle of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy according to pathological type and disease stage, or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody monotherapy at a dose of 375 mg/m2 once a week for at least 4 injections. Progression during treatment required the completion of at least one cycle of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy or monotherapy if progression occurred during induction therapy. At least one dose was completed if progression occurred during maintenance therapy. "Response" included complete and partial responses.

8. CLL/SLL: peripheral blood leukemia cells ≥5.0×109/L; Or the long diameter of any lymph node lesion ≥1.5cm; Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had measurable disease at screening (nodal disease ≥1.5cm in the greatest dimension or extranodal disease > 1.0cm in the greatest dimension).

9. ECOG ≤2;

10. Toxicity of previous antineoplastic therapy has returned to ≤ grade 1 defined by NCI-CTCAE v5.0 (except alopecia);

11. Organ function within 7 days before the first dose:

    Bone marrow function (for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma only) : without blood transfusion, G-CSF (for 2 weeks), and medication correction within 7 days prior to screening; Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.0×109/L (≥0.5×109/L if the subject has bone marrow infiltration); Hemoglobin ≥80 g/L (≥70g/L if the subject has bone marrow infiltration); Platelet count ≥75×109/L; Liver function: total bilirubin, ≤1.5 ULN (Gilbert's syndrome, ≤3 ULN), and aminotransferase (AST/ALT), ≤2.5 ULN (for those with liver tumor invasive changes, ≤5.0 ULN) without correction with hepatoprotective medication within 7 days before screening examination; Renal function: creatinine (Cr) ≤1.5 ULN or creatinine clearance (Ccr) ≥60 mL/ minute (based on center calculation criteria) Coagulation: activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≤1.5×ULN Prothrombin time (PT) ≤1.5×ULN.

12. Female subjects of childbearing potential or male subjects with a fertile partner must use highly effective contraception from 7 days before the first dose until 12 weeks after the last dose. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum/urine pregnancy test within 7 days before the first dose;

13. Participants were able and willing to comply with protocol-specified visits, treatment plans, laboratory tests, and other study-related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who underwent major surgery within 28 days before study administration or who were scheduled to undergo major surgery during the study (" major surgery "was defined by the investigator);

2. Pulmonary disease grade ≥3 according to NCI-CTCAE v5.0, including dyspnea at rest or requiring continuous oxygen therapy; Patients with current interstitial lung disease (ILD) (except those who have recovered from previous interstitial pneumonia);

3. Severe systemic infection occurred within 4 weeks before screening, including but not limited to severe pneumonia caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses, bacteremia, or serious infectious complications;

4. Patients with active autoimmune disease or a history of autoimmune disease. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism that is stable with hormone-replacement therapy (including hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroid disease), psoriasis, or vitiligo that does not require systemic therapy, as deemed by the investigators, were excluded.

5. Patients with other malignant tumors within 3 years before the first drug administration, cured non-melanoma skin cancer in situ, superficial bladder cancer, cervical cancer in situ, gastrointestinal mucosal cancer, breast cancer, localized prostate cancer, and other patients without recurrence within 3 years were excluded.

6. Human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIVAb) positive, active tuberculosis, active hepatitis B virus infection (HBsAg positive or HBcAb positive and HBV-DNA test ≥ central detection lower limit) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV antibody positive and HCV-RNA≥ central detection lower limit);

7. Hypertension poorly controlled by medication (systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg);

8. Left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%, or history of major heart disease within 1 year:

   1. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure;
   2. Acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction or bypass or stent surgery (except those judged by the investigator to be stable);
   3. Patients with unstable angina pectoris;
   4. QT prolongation (QTcf > 450 msec in men or > 470 msec in women), complete left bundle branch block, degree III atrioventricular block, and arrhythmia requiring medical intervention;
   5. Other cardiac conditions deemed by the investigator to be ineligible for enrollment.

9. Patients with a history of allergy to recombinant humanized antibodies or to any of the excipients of GNC-035;

10. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding;

11. Presence of central nervous system invasion;

12. Prior organ transplantation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ALLo-HSCT);

13. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) within 12 weeks before starting GNC-035 therapy;

14. Current use of immunosuppressive agents, including, but not limited to, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, etc., within 2 weeks or 5 half-life periods prior to GNC-035 treatment, whichever is shorter;

15. Received radiotherapy, macromolecular targeted drugs within 4 weeks before GNC-035 treatment; Chemotherapy and a small-molecule targeted agent were administered 2 weeks or within five half-lives before treatment, whichever was less.

16. Received anti-CD20 therapy within 4 weeks prior to GNC-035 therapy and is responding;

17. Received CAR-T therapy within 12 weeks before GNC-035 treatment;

18. Use of a study drug from another clinical trial within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever was shorter, before the trial dose;

19. Other circumstances that the investigator deemed inappropriate for participation in the trial.