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The purpose of this research is to test if playing games designed to improve an individual's executive function can change their views about the types of foods they eat. Executive function is a set of mental processes that people use every day to make decisions - such as what kinds of foods they choose to eat and when and where they eat those foods.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether executive function (EF) training concurrently improves attitudes, perceptions, and consumption of nutrient-dense foods (i.e., fruits, vegetables) while worsening the same of nutrient-poor foods. In effect, the aim is to test whether EF training can promote the substitution of nutrient-poor foods with fruits and vegetables (FV), as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends regular consumption of FV as part of a healthy dietary pattern. Given the health benefits associated with consuming FV, EF training that effectively promotes increased FV intake may benefit health. For example, FV consumption is associated with the reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and eye and skin health. Moreover, FV consumption is associated with better mental and cognitive health.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| EFfect-food choices | Experimental | Participants will complete four online games at least biweekly during the study. |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | Participants will complete four online games at least biweekly during the study. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online games with various food images | Other | Participant will play a series of online games with various food images. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in response time | Change in online game speed of response time | Week 0, Week 9 |
| Change in percent correct | Change in online game percent correct | Week 0, Week 9 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shanon Casperson, PhD | USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center | Grand Forks | North Dakota | 58203 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40957017 | Derived | Roemmich JN, Nelson AM, Stice E, Hess JM, Palmer DG, Casperson SL. Efficacy of a Web-Based Executive Function Training Program to Induce Healthier Food Choices and Increase Valuation of Fruits and Vegetables in Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Sep 16;14:e66394. doi: 10.2196/66394. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Train Your Brain Study website | View source |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Mar 3, 2023 | Nov 25, 2025 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
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| online games with images of flowers and songbirds | Other | Participant will play a series of online games with images of flowers and songbirds. |
|
| Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Current Nutrition Studies | View source |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |