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How health-related information is communicated affects what is understood and might influence how people make decisions and how confident they feel in participating in clinical shared decision-making.
The CICERO trial will compare three different communication tools providing information on fictional interventions for a common medical problem (i.e. social anxiety disorder) both in terms of how well interventions work (benefit) and also possible harms associated (risk). The three communication tools ("Summary of Findings table", "Kilim plot", and "Vitruvian plot") differ in how they present information: exclusively written, primarily written and partially graphical, or mixed written and visual. Each participant will be asked to go through one clinical scenario.
The investigators will ask participants to familiarise themselves with the tool they have been allocated to (either a plot or a table) and then answer some validated questionnaires to measure how useful and efficient the communication strategy was.
The entire study occurs online in a single study session (about 20 minutes).
The results of the CICERO trial will inform how to communicate research findings to the general population, facilitating their implementation in clinical shared decision-making.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitruvian plot | Experimental |
| |
| Kilim plot | Experimental |
| |
| Summary of findings table | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitruvian plot | Device | Visual (magnitude, uncertainty) and written (magnitude) communication tool / interventional decision-making aid tool |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Decisional Conflict Scale, low literacy version | Higher scores indicate worse outcomes (min = 0; max = 100). | through study completion, an average of 20 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Decision Self-Efficacy scale | Higher scores indicate better outcomes (min = 0; max = 100). | through study completion, an average of 20 minutes |
| Preparation for Decision Making scale | Higher scores indicate better outcomes (min = 0; max = 100). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of minutes to complete the questionnaire | Automated measurement from the first access to the online questionnaire (first input) to its completion (last input), assessed up to the end of the study (continuous outcome). | through study completion, an average of 20 minutes |
Inclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab (OxPPL) | Oxford | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41877317 | Derived | Ostinelli EG, Efthimiou O, Agunbiade A, Naci H, Cipriani A. Communication of information on benefits and harms of multiple competing medical interventions: three-group, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2026 Mar 25:1-11. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2026.10555. Online ahead of print. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| CICERO trial | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D000067010 | Literacy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003142 | Communication |
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| Kilim plot | Device | Visual (uncertainty) and written (magnitude) communication tool / interventional decision-making aid tool |
|
| Summary of findings table | Device | Written (magnitude, uncertainty) communication tool / interventional decision-making aid tool |
|
| through study completion, an average of 20 minutes |
| Information comprehension (proportion of participants providing a correct answer) | Participants will be asked to choose one of multiple (fictional) medical interventions based on their characteristics as part of the clinical scenario. The question related to the clinical scenario allows only one correct answer. | through study completion, an average of 20 minutes |