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The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a Computer Assisted Learning Module for supplemental blood pressure measurement retraining for doctor of physical therapy students.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | This is the initial experimental group who will be exposed to the CAL module 48 hours before the first retesting period 2 months out from initial baseline measurement. |
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| Group B | No Intervention | This is the initial control group who will not be exposed to the CAL module 48 hours before the first retesting period 2 months out from initial baseline measurement. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Module | Other | The students assigned to Group A will undergo interactive CAL module training by the American Medical Association which outlines how to properly measure blood pressure manually following the American Heart Association guidelines. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy of blood pressure measurements | Pre-programmed manikin arms will be set to different blood pressure values. Students must correctly identify each of the pre-set blood pressure measurements | Baseline to 4 months |
| Confidence of blood pressure measurements | A 5-point Likert scale survey to assess student confidence in different aspects of measuring blood pressure. The scale ranges from 1 to 5 with the following values: 1 - Not confident at all, 2 - Slightly confident, 3 - Moderately confident, 4 - Very confident, and 5 - extremely confident. A higher score indicates that the individual has higher levels of confidence for the reported item. | Baseline to 4 months |
| Blood pressure measurement knowledge quiz | A knowledge quiz regarding the proper steps of blood pressure measurement as defined by the American Heart Association. This is a 15 question multiple choice quiz. The higher the score, the better the performance. | Baseline to 4 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Edmund C Ickert, PhD | Youngstown State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youngstown State University | Youngstown | Ohio | 44555 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27864919 | Background | Holmstrup M, Jensen B, Burkart R, Levis M. Using a novel assessment of procedural proficiency provides medical educators insight into blood pressure measurement. Int J Med Educ. 2016 Nov 19;7:375-381. doi: 10.5116/ijme.580b.2e4f. | |
| 24061336 | Background | Gordon CJ, Frotjold A, Fethney J, Green J, Hardy J, Maw M, Buckley T. The effectiveness of simulation-based blood pressure training in preregistration nursing students. Simul Healthc. 2013 Oct;8(5):335-40. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e3182a15fa7. |
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This study will utilize a randomized crossover design. Students enrolled in this study will undergo traditional blood pressure training. The students will be randomly divided into 2 groups (control and experimental). All students will undergo baseline testing 2 weeks after the class. At 48 hours before the 2 month timepoint, the experimental group will complete a CAL module entitled: "BP Measurement: Student Essentials". The control group will not undergo any retraining activities. All students will retest for accuracy, confidence, and knowledge. At the second 2 month mark, the control group will complete the CAL module and the experimental group will not. All students will retest for accuracy, confidence, and knowledge. All participants, the faculty teaching BP, and outcome assessors will be blinded from knowledge of groups throughout to reduce bias risk.
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A faculty member without knowledge of the intervention and outcomes will randomize all subjects into 2 separate groups using random generated numbers from a computer software program:
Allocation of subjects to each group will be concealed in envelopes so that no other researcher knows who was assigned to a particular group (allocation concealment). The faculty member who performs the randomization and allocation will be the only researcher with knowledge of group allocation. This individual will open the envelopes and send the corresponding CAL module training link at the time points designated above. This faculty member is not involved in the class and has no knowledge of the outcomes or training provided.
| 17619648 | Background | Seybert AL, Barton CM. Simulation-based learning to teach blood pressure assessment to doctor of pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007 Jun 15;71(3):48. doi: 10.5688/aj710348. |
| 21641869 | Background | Bland M, Ousey K. Preparing students to competently measure blood pressure in the real-world environment: a comparison between New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Nurse Educ Pract. 2012 Jan;12(1):28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2011.04.009. Epub 2011 Jun 8. |
| 25243713 | Background | Gazibara T, Rancic B, Maric G, Radovanovic S, Kisic-Tepavcevic D, Pekmezovic T. Medical students, do you know how to measure blood pressure correctly? Blood Press Monit. 2015 Feb;20(1):27-31. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000085. |
| 28452119 | Background | Rakotz MK, Townsend RR, Yang J, Alpert BS, Heneghan KA, Wynia M, Wozniak GD. Medical students and measuring blood pressure: Results from the American Medical Association Blood Pressure Check Challenge. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017 Jun;19(6):614-619. doi: 10.1111/jch.13018. Epub 2017 Apr 28. |
| 30827125 | Background | Muntner P, Shimbo D, Carey RM, Charleston JB, Gaillard T, Misra S, Myers MG, Ogedegbe G, Schwartz JE, Townsend RR, Urbina EM, Viera AJ, White WB, Wright JT Jr. Measurement of Blood Pressure in Humans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2019 May;73(5):e35-e66. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000087. |
| 19406072 | Background | Gonzalez-Lopez JJ, Gomez-Arnau Ramirez J, Torremocha Garcia R, Albelda Esteban S, Alio del Barrio J, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Knowledge of correct blood pressure measurement procedures among medical and nursing students. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009 May;62(5):568-71. doi: 10.1016/s1885-5857(09)71840-7. English, Spanish. |
| 23957320 | Background | Crosley AM, Rose JR. Knowledge of accurate blood pressure measurement procedures in chiropractic students. J Chiropr Educ. 2013 Fall;27(2):152-7. doi: 10.7899/JCE-13-3. Epub 2013 Jun 27. |
| 32525122 | Background | Ibiyemi O, Ogunbodede O, Gbolahan OO, Ogah OS. Knowledge and practices of blood pressure measurement among final year students, house officers, and resident dental surgeons in a dental hospital, South West Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020 Jun;23(6):848-856. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_416_19. |
| 23653174 | Background | Rabbia F, Testa E, Rabbia S, Pratico S, Colasanto C, Montersino F, Berra E, Covella M, Fulcheri C, Di Monaco S, Buffolo F, Totaro S, Veglio F. Effectiveness of blood pressure educational and evaluation program for the improvement of measurement accuracy among nurses. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2013 Jun;20(2):77-80. doi: 10.1007/s40292-013-0012-5. Epub 2013 May 8. |
| 24156287 | Background | Leung GK, Nicholls JM. Effect of clinical context on simulator-based assessment of blood pressure taking - a pilot randomized study. Med Teach. 2014 Feb;36(2):177-9. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2013.849328. Epub 2013 Oct 24. |
| 7489543 | Background | Grim CM, Grim CE. A curriculum for the training and certification of blood pressure measurement for health care providers. Can J Cardiol. 1995 Nov;11 Suppl H:38H-42H. |