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Critical narrative interventions (CNIs) have not been examined for addressing psychological outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, self-esteem, empowerment, psychological well-being) within sexual and gender minority emerging adults (SGM EA) of color; therefore, this pilot study will examine the use of CNIs to impact SGM of color psychological outcomes. Prior literature has shown that CNIs have the potential to increase empowerment, self-efficacy, and social support as a prevention strategy for mental health. The research study is being conducted to see if telling your story through photographs or video can improve the mental health and well-being of emerging adults that identify as a member of a sexual and/or gender minority and a racial and/or ethnic minority.
Participants will be asked to complete the following research procedures:
take a survey online (about 20-30 minutes), then an interview about everyday experiences as sexual/gender minority of color and your experiences in seeking out mental health services.
After the interview, participants will have one month to tell their story, answering two prompts "Tell us a time you have felt seen" and "Tell us a time when you have felt unseen." You will be randomized to one of two formats of telling your story: taking photographs or making two short videos.
At the one-month time frame, participants will be asked to fill out another survey (about 20-30 minutes) and then complete an interview about the photos or videos created.
The research activities involve a two-arm pilot enrolling a sample of 30 participants who identify as sexual and gender minority (SGM), racial/ethnic minority/person of color (POC), and living with moderate to severe depression. After consent and completion of the baseline survey (15-20 min) and interview (45-60 min), participants will be randomized into one of two critical narrative interventions: photo-novella (n=15) or digital storytelling (n=15).
All participants will be given the same two prompts for their narrative intervention asking, "Share an experience of when you have felt seen as an SGM Person of Color in Philadelphia." AND "share an experience of when you have felt unseen as an SGM person of color in Philadelphia."
Photo-Novella: Participants in the photo-novella intervention will be asked to tell their story through 12 photographs and a caption (6 for the first prompt and 6 for the second prompt). Participants will be instructed to take a photograph answering the two prompts. Participants may use their smartphones or digital camera to capture their photographs. Participants may also edit their photographs using photo-editing software for aesthetics. Participants will also be asked to provide a short caption (no more than two sentences) explaining their photograph and provide a title for their work. Participants will be provided with a basic guide on photography and how to "snap a picture."
Digital Story: Participants in the digital storytelling intervention will be asked to tell their story in 3-6 minutes (two videos total, 1-3 minutes each) utilizing a video format that can include still or moving images, sound, music, and voiceover. Participants will be provided with a guide on software or applications that they can use to create their stories. Participants will be provided with a manual or basic guide to digital stories for their reference. Participants will be provided with guidance on expectations of the video, including format, length, quality, and closed captions for accessibility.
At the baseline visit after the survey and interview, participants will be randomized into one of the two intervention conditions (photo-novella or digital story). Once the participant is randomized, they will be provided with the electronic manual (based on their intervention). The research team member will provide guidance on what to expect (i.e., how many photos to take and what the prompt is) and go over the manual with the participant. The participant will then be given the opportunity to ask questions.
The participants will be given one month to complete their narrative and be asked to digitally submit their work to the research team during the 1-month visit. Participants will also be given the opportunity to present their work at a gallery (but not required to), which will be scheduled later (about ten months from the date of the first enrollment). The gallery and participation in the gallery are entirely voluntary and will not affect participation in the study.
A week before the scheduled 1-month follow-up, a research team member will reach out to the participant to confirm the 1-month study visit via phone, e-mail, or text as indicated in the participant's preferred contact method. A research team member will reach out every two days for confirmation until received from the participant.
Participants will receive a link via email a day before their one-month follow-up visit to complete a follow-up survey (15-20 mins). During the one-month follow-up, a research team member virtually on Zoom will conduct a follow-up interview (45-60 mins) asking participants about their experience of creating their critical narrative piece. At the one-month follow-up, research team members will review the final critical narratives of the participants digitally. Two days before the one-month follow-up, participants will receive a link via email to a Box folder (that is HIPAA compliant) where they can upload their photos/videos.
The participants will be notified of the gallery date and invited to attend. The gallery is optional and does not impact participation in the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Photo-Novella | Experimental | Participants in the photo-novella intervention will be asked to take 12 photographs and write a caption for each photo based on two prompts. |
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| Digital Storytelling | Experimental | Participants in the digital storytelling intervention will be asked to create two videos (1-3 minutes each) based on two prompts. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Critical Narrative Development | Behavioral | Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | scores range from 0 to 27, higher scores indicate higher levels of depression severity. | 1 month |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | scores range from 0 to 21, higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety severity. | 1 month |
| The Flourishing Scale | scores range from 8 to 56, higher scores represent an individual with many psychological resources and strengths. | 1 month |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | scores range from 8 to 56, higher scores represent an individual with higher self-esteem. | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI-9) | scores range from 1 to 4, higher scores represent higher internalized stigma towards mental illness. | 1 month |
| LGBTQ+ POC Microaggressions Scale-Brief (LGBTQ+ PCMS-B): Racism in Dating Subscale |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptability of the Intervention Measure (AIM) | scores range from 5 to 20, higher scores represent higher acceptability for the intervention. | 1 month |
| Intervention Appropriateness of the Measure (IAM) |
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jennifer Tran, PhD | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
After the completion of the study, we plan to share with other researchers the de-identified individual participant data (IPD). This will only include the quantitative survey data collected and baseline and follow-up.
The data will be available 1 year after the completion of study. The data will be available indefiitely.
Data is available for the community, academic researchers, and educational purposes.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Photo-Novella | Participants in the photo-novella intervention will be asked to take 12 photographs and write a caption for each photo based on two prompts. Critical Narrative Development: Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). |
| FG001 | Digital Storytelling | Participants in the digital storytelling intervention will be asked to create two videos (1-3 minutes each) based on two prompts. Critical Narrative Development: Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Photo-Novella | Participants in the photo-novella intervention will be asked to take 12 photographs and write a caption for each photo based on two prompts. Critical Narrative Development: Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | scores range from 0 to 27, higher scores indicate higher levels of depression severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
|
Adverse events were collected over a period of 1 month during participants enrollment in the study
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Photo-Novella | Participants in the photo-novella intervention will be asked to take 12 photographs and write a caption for each photo based on two prompts. Critical Narrative Development: Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Jennifer Tran | University of Pennsylvania | 2158983616 | jtgtran@nursing.upenn.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Apr 21, 2023 | Jun 26, 2024 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | May 3, 2023 | Jun 26, 2024 | ICF_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012725 | Sexual Behavior |
| D000091702 | Intersectional Framework |
| D033262 | Narration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D003142 | Communication |
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scores range from 0 to 20 for each subscale, higher scores represent higher levels of racism in LGBT community, Heterosexism in Racial/ethnic community, and racism in dating/relationship.
| 1 month |
| Attitudes Toward Mental Health Treatment (ATMHT) Scale | scores range from 20 to 80, higher scores represent more positive attitudes towards mental health treatment seeking. | 1 month |
| General Belongingness Scale (GBS): Sense of Acceptance Sub Scale | scores range from 12 to 84, higher scores represent higher sense of belonging. | 1 month |
| Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | scores range from 1 to 7, higher scores represent higher perceived social support. | 1 month |
| Intersectional Discrimination Index -Anticipated Discrimination (InDI-A) | scores range from 0 to 4, higher scores represent higher anticipated intersectional discrimination | 1 Month |
| The Queer People of Color Identity Affirmation Scale (QPIAS): Identity Based Growth Subscale | two subscales, identity based growth with scores from 7 to 49 with higher scores representing higher growth, and identity cohesion with scores from 5 to 35 with higher scores as higher identity cohesion | 1 month |
scores range from 5 to 20, higher scores represent higher appropriateness of the intervention.
| 1 month |
| Feasibility of the Intervention Measure (FIM) | scores range from 5 to 20, higher scores represent higher feasibility for the intervention | 1 month |
| BG001 | Digital Storytelling | Participants in the digital storytelling intervention will be asked to create two videos (1-3 minutes each) based on two prompts. Critical Narrative Development: Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | open text box answer allowing for participants to enter in their age at time of study | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex/Gender, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Self-Identify as LGBTQ+ | to be eligible for the study participants had to identify as a sexual or gender minority individual (LGBTQ+) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
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| Primary | Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | scores range from 0 to 21, higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety severity. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Primary | The Flourishing Scale | scores range from 8 to 56, higher scores represent an individual with many psychological resources and strengths. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Primary | Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | scores range from 8 to 56, higher scores represent an individual with higher self-esteem. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Secondary | Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI-9) | scores range from 1 to 4, higher scores represent higher internalized stigma towards mental illness. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Secondary | LGBTQ+ POC Microaggressions Scale-Brief (LGBTQ+ PCMS-B): Racism in Dating Subscale | scores range from 0 to 20 for each subscale, higher scores represent higher levels of racism in LGBT community, Heterosexism in Racial/ethnic community, and racism in dating/relationship. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
|
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| Secondary | Attitudes Toward Mental Health Treatment (ATMHT) Scale | scores range from 20 to 80, higher scores represent more positive attitudes towards mental health treatment seeking. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Secondary | General Belongingness Scale (GBS): Sense of Acceptance Sub Scale | scores range from 12 to 84, higher scores represent higher sense of belonging. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Secondary | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | scores range from 1 to 7, higher scores represent higher perceived social support. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Secondary | Intersectional Discrimination Index -Anticipated Discrimination (InDI-A) | scores range from 0 to 4, higher scores represent higher anticipated intersectional discrimination | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 Month |
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| Secondary | The Queer People of Color Identity Affirmation Scale (QPIAS): Identity Based Growth Subscale | two subscales, identity based growth with scores from 7 to 49 with higher scores representing higher growth, and identity cohesion with scores from 5 to 35 with higher scores as higher identity cohesion | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Other Pre-specified | Acceptability of the Intervention Measure (AIM) | scores range from 5 to 20, higher scores represent higher acceptability for the intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Other Pre-specified | Intervention Appropriateness of the Measure (IAM) | scores range from 5 to 20, higher scores represent higher appropriateness of the intervention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| Other Pre-specified | Feasibility of the Intervention Measure (FIM) | scores range from 5 to 20, higher scores represent higher feasibility for the intervention | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 1 month |
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| 10 |
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| 10 |
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| 10 |
| EG001 | Digital Storytelling | Participants in the digital storytelling intervention will be asked to create two videos (1-3 minutes each) based on two prompts. Critical Narrative Development: Participants are asked to answer two prompts ("describe an experience where you have felt seen as an LGBTQ+ person of color" and "describe an experience where you have felt unseen as an LGBTQ+ person of color"). | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
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