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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with endoscopic papillary sphinctomy (EST) is the preferred clinical treatment for common bile duct stones, and this minimally invasive treatment technique has been widely used in clinical practice for decades. However, even after successful stone removal by EST combined with various methods, the incidence of postoperative recurrent bile duct stones can still be as high as 9.8%~30% . The emergence of these long-term complications after EST surgery is currently thought to be related to the loss of Oddi sphincter function. In clinical practice, the investigators tried a new method to repair the Oddi sphincter, that is, after ERCP+EST stone removal, a metal clip was inserted into the endoscopic clamp through the duodenoscopy, and clamp precisely on both lateral edges of the nipple after incision. This procedure is called endoscopic nipple clipping (ECPP). Initial explorations in animal and human trials showed good results, with 3 weeks after clipping of the incised nipple not only showing scar repair of the nipple shape and structure, but also confirmed the recovery of sphincter function by Oddi sphincter manometry, the Oddi's sphincter basal pressure, contraction frequency and contraction amplitude were able to return to the pre-EST level. In summary, the investigators designed a single-center randomized controlled trial to explore and verify the clinical effect of ECPP on the prevention of recurrent bile duct stones within one year by comparing the incidence of recurrent bile duct stones within one year after EST surgery. By observing the changes of intestinal biliary reflux, biliary bacterial colonization, biliary microecology and bile metabolism after EST surgery, the pathogenesis of long-term complications such as recurrent bile duct stones after EST surgery was further sought.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with endoscopic papillary sphinctomy (EST) is the preferred clinical treatment for common bile duct stones, and this minimally invasive treatment technique has been widely used in clinical practice for decades. However, even after successful stone removal by EST combined with various methods, the incidence of postoperative recurrent bile duct stones can still be as high as 9.8%~30% . The emergence of these long-term complications after EST surgery is currently thought to be related to the loss of Oddi sphincter function. EST sphincterotomy results in destruction of the Oddi sphincter structure, which in turn causes dysfunction and reflux of intestinal contents into the biliary tract (biliary reflux). In clinical practice, the investigators tried a new method to repair the Oddi sphincter, that is, after ERCP+EST stone removal, a metal clip was inserted into the endoscopic clamp through the duodenoscopy, and clamp precisely on both lateral edges of the nipple after incision. Initial explorations in animal and human trials showed good results, with 3 weeks after clipping of the incised nipple not only showing scar repair of the nipple shape and structure, but also confirmed the recovery of sphincter function by Oddi sphincter manometry, the Oddi's sphincter basal pressure, contraction frequency and contraction amplitude were able to return to the pre-EST level.
the investigators designed a single-center randomized controlled trial to explore and verify the clinical effect of ECPP on the prevention of recurrent bile duct stones within one year by comparing the incidence of recurrent bile duct stones within one year after EST surgery. This prospective study will be performed at 1 tertiary hospitals in China. The investigators will recruit patients according to admission criteria and exclusion criteria. The patients will be randomized (at a 1:1 ratio) to endoscopic papillary sphinctomy (EST) group (control group) and endoscopic nipple clipping (ECPP) group (experimental group). The control groups will be followed by routine EST stone removal, the patient's postoperative nipple is in a post-incision state; The experimental group underwent ECPP after EST. The primary endpoint is the incidence of recurrent bile duct stones. The secondary outcomes include the mortality of each group, adverse events and the rate of technical success.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| EST in common bile duct stones | Active Comparator | With routine EST surgery, the sphincter is cut open and stones are removed |
|
| ECPP in common bile duct stones | Experimental | Common bile duct stones are removed after EST, and then ECPP is performed. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EST | Procedure | Stones are taken by cutting the papillary sphincter |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Recurrent bile duct stones | The patient developed a recurrence of common bile duct stones within 1 year after surgery. Signs of recurrent bile duct stones include symptoms of cholangitis such as abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, or re-elevation of direct bilirubin/GGT/ALP or simple imaging of common bile duct stones. | 12 months after ERCP |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Death or adverse events | The patient dies or develops postoperative complications of ERCP, stent displacement, detachment, etc., failure of ERCP. | 12 months after ERCP |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yonghui Huang, archiater | Contact | 13911765322 | xuxiao_1028@126.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yonghui Huang, archiater | Peking University Third Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peking University Third Hospital | Recruiting | Beijing | Beijing Municipality | 100101 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19691764 | Background | Kageoka M, Watanabe F, Maruyama Y, Nagata K, Ohata A, Noda Y, Miwa I, Ikeya K. Long-term prognosis of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis. Dig Endosc. 2009 Jul;21(3):170-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2009.00880.x. | |
| 29544453 | Background | Nzenza TC, Al-Habbal Y, Guerra GR, Manolas S, Yong T, McQuillan T. Recurrent common bile duct stones as a late complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar 15;18(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0765-3. |
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| ECPP | Procedure | During ERCP, a generous biliary sphincterotomy (>1 cm) will be performed to facilitate large stone extraction by use of a lithotripsy basket and a stone extraction balloon. After all stone fragments were cleared from the bile duct, this group will undergo ECPP after EST. A single-pigtail biliary stent will be placed (suspended overlength biliary stent, 7F × 20 cm). Then the rotatable repeatable opening and closing of soft tissue clamps (referred to as harmony clips, Mico-Tech, ROCC-D-26-195) should be applied to extend the bile duct axially, linear clamp the incised duodenal papilla, taking care to avoid clamping the bile duct stent, and removing the bile duct stent 3 weeks after ECPP. |
|
| 9831833 | Background | Tanaka M, Takahata S, Konomi H, Matsunaga H, Yokohata K, Takeda T, Utsunomiya N, Ikeda S. Long-term consequence of endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998 Nov;48(5):465-9. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(98)70086-0. |
| 25874514 | Background | Yang J, Jin H, Gu W, Zhang X, Zhang X. Determinants of long-term complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy are infections and high risk factors of bile duct and not sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr;27(4):412-8. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000295. |
| 11932781 | Background | Costamagna G, Tringali A, Shah SK, Mutignani M, Zuccala G, Perri V. Long-term follow-up of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis, and risk factors for recurrence. Endoscopy. 2002 Apr;34(4):273-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-23632. |
| 12425545 | Background | Sugiyama M, Atomi Y. Risk factors predictive of late complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct stones: long-term (more than 10 years) follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Nov;97(11):2763-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07019.x. |
| 18477806 | Background | Mortensen FV, Jepsen P, Tarone RE, Funch-Jensen P, Jensen LS, Sorensen HT. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and long-term risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based follow-up study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 May 21;100(10):745-50. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djn102. Epub 2008 May 13. |
| 18585972 | Background | Stromberg C, Luo J, Enochsson L, Arnelo U, Nilsson M. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and risk of malignancy in the bile ducts, liver, and pancreas. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Sep;6(9):1049-53. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.04.016. Epub 2008 Jun 30. |
| 28194398 | Background | Afghani E, Lo SK, Covington PS, Cash BD, Pandol SJ. Sphincter of Oddi Function and Risk Factors for Dysfunction. Front Nutr. 2017 Jan 30;4:1. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00001. eCollection 2017. |
| 17405290 | Background | Mandryka Y, Klimczak J, Duszewski M, Kondras M, Modzelewski B. [Bile duct infections as a late complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Dec;21(126):525-7. Polish. |
| 20869711 | Background | Yasuda I, Fujita N, Maguchi H, Hasebe O, Igarashi Y, Murakami A, Mukai H, Fujii T, Yamao K, Maeshiro K, Tada T, Tsujino T, Komatsu Y. Long-term outcomes after endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for bile duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Dec;72(6):1185-91. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.07.006. Epub 2010 Sep 25. |
| 32929751 | Background | Wang Y, Chang H, Zhang Y, Wang K, Zhang H, Yan X, Meng L, Yao W, Li K, Huang Y. Endoscopic endoclip papilloplasty preserves sphincter of oddi function. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021 Mar;51(3):e13408. doi: 10.1111/eci.13408. Epub 2020 Sep 22. |