The goal of this Prospective Trial of Paclitaxel-Coated Pulmonary Balloon for the Treatment of Benign Airway Obstruction (OXYGEN-1) is to evaluate clinical safety and potential efficacy of the Airiver Pulmonary DCB in the treatment of benign central airway stenosis.

Benign central airway stenosis/obstruction, including stenosis of the subglottic area, trachea, and bronchi, is related to significant morbidity due to dyspnea and impaired quality of life. It is hypothesized that Airiver pulmonary drug-coated balloon (DCB) will improve patient outcome in the bronchoscopic treatment of benign airway obstruction, and, as an adjunct to standard of care, will prolong airway patency compared to the standard of care alone. This is a prospective, multi-center, single-arm, open-label, safety & feasibility, OUS first in human study for safety and potential efficacy.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provision of signed and dated informed consent form

2. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study

3. Male or female, aged ≥18 old

4. Symptomatic, severe (> 50%) benign CAO (by CT or bronchoscopy)

   1. Stenosis is distal to cricoid and proximal to segmental bronchi

   2. Indicated for balloon dilation only or as an adjunct to standard of care

   3. Includes, but not limited to :

      • Post intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS)
      • Post tracheostomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS)
      • Post lung transplantation stenosis
      • Stenosis related to airway stent
      • Subglottic stenosis (SGS)
      • Stenosis due to tuberculosis

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Malignant CAO
2. Dynamic etiology of benign stenosis such as excessive dynamic airway collapse, tracheobronchomalacia, or stenosis due to external compression
3. Presence of a known perforation at the site of proposed dilation
4. Presence of a known fistula between the tracheobronchial tree and esophagus, mediastinum to pleural space
5. Obstruction not amenable to bronchoscopic dilation in the opinion of the investigator
6. Allergy to paclitaxel or structurally related compounds
7. Severe coagulation disorders or current use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication that cannot be safely managed per recommended guidelines prior to the index procedure
8. Acute stricture condition that requires emergent procedure (e.g., immediate dilation)
9. Vasculitis that is not well controlled
10. Inability to tolerate bronchoscopy or contraindication to bronchoscopy, anesthesia, or deep sedation
11. Any anatomical limitation of the head and neck, oral cavity or laryngopharynx that may preclude bronchoscopic evaluation or treatment
12. Patient with active pulmonary infection, including but not limited to: COVID-19, influenza, etc.
13. Any disease or condition that interferes with safe completion of the study, such as severe COPD or severe asthma or pulmonary fibrosis.
14. Patients actively being treated with immunosuppressive therapy or with an active immunosuppressed state due to other treatment or underlying disease.
15. Pregnancy or planning on pregnant during the first 12 months of enrollment in the study
16. Life expectancy <1 year
17. Patient is currently enrolled in other investigational studies. Participation in studies for products approved in the US are not considered investigational