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The most important regulatory system in the body is the autonomic nervous system. There are several studies that evaluate the effect of techniques applied at the base of the skull on the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the flying buttress technique on the autonomic nervous system.
The most important homeostatic regulatory system in the body is the autonomic nervous system (ANS), as it coordinates functions of many organs and tissues, including the cardiac muscle.
ANS regulation in most visceral organs reflects a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation. In the neural control of the heart, there is a balance between sympathetic excitation and vagal inhibition of sinoatrial node activity, which contribute to fluctuations in heartbeat, known as heart rate variability (HRV).
HRV is considered a valuable non-invasive measurement tool for assessing ANS function, as it is relatively simple and quickly performed.
Previous studies provide evidence that osteopathic treatment is associated with changes in HRV that appear to be indicative of increased cardiac vagal modulation in various conditions.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the osteopathic technique flying buttress on the ANS through HRV.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | In each participant, HRV will be measured for 2 minutes, then the flying buttress technique will be applied. After the technique, HRV will be recorded for 2 minutes, and 5 minutes later, HRV will be measured again for 2 minutes. |
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| Control group | Placebo Comparator | In each participant, HRV will be measured for 2 minutes, then the placebo technique will be applied. After the technique, HRV will be recorded for 2 minutes, and 5 minutes later, HRV will be measured again for 2 minutes. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flying buttress technique | Other | With the volunteer in a supine position, the researcher who applied the technique positioned himself standing at the head of the massage table, supporting the patient's head. He contacted the occipital region, near the occipital-mastoid suture, with the thenar and hypothenar region of his right hand. He contacted the mastoid process of the contralateral temporal bone with the thenar and hypothenar region of his left hand. The forearms were positioned in a straight line. After a slight initial compression, the researcher applied a rhythmic pumping motion with both upper limbs in a convergent direction. The pressure applied was due to the rhythmic movement of the researcher's body. The technique was performed bilaterally and each one lasted for 2 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in HRV at immediately post-intervention | The R-R intervals will be collected using a Polar H10 chest strap (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), and subsequently, the rMSSD and pNN50 value will be calculated using Software Kubios HRV Standard, version 3.5.0 (Biosignal Analysis and Medical Imaging Group, Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland) | immediately post-intervention |
| Change from baseline in HRV at 7 min post-intervention | The R-R intervals will be collected using a Polar H10 chest strap (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), and subsequently, the rMSSD and pNN50 value will be calculated using Software Kubios HRV Standard, version 3.5.0 (Biosignal Analysis and Medical Imaging Group, Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland) | 7 min post-intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Natália MO Campelo, PhD | Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico do Porto | Porto | Porto District | 4200-072 | Portugal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31277865 | Background | Gibbons CH. Basics of autonomic nervous system function. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;160:407-418. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64032-1.00027-8. | |
| 28265249 | Background | Laborde S, Mosley E, Thayer JF. Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research - Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting. Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 20;8:213. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213. eCollection 2017. |
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Each participant will pull from a bag within equally number of folded papers with letter 1 to 50 and it will be handled to the investigator. The even numbers correspond to the control group and the odd numbers to the experimental group.
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| Placebo technique | Other | With the volunteer in a supine position, the researcher placed the palms of their hands on the patient's shoulders. The palm of the hand rested on the acromioclavicular joint with the rest of the hand relaxed. The placebo technique was performed for 4 minutes. |
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| 25694852 | Background | McCraty R, Shaffer F. Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health risk. Glob Adv Health Med. 2015 Jan;4(1):46-61. doi: 10.7453/gahmj.2014.073. |
| Background | Ricard, F. (2014). Tratado de Osteopatía Craneal. Articulación Temporomandibular. Análisis y tratamiento ortodóntico. (E. Medos, Ed. 3ª ed.). |
| 29034226 | Background | Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Front Public Health. 2017 Sep 28;5:258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258. eCollection 2017. |
| 26414314 | Background | Munoz ML, van Roon A, Riese H, Thio C, Oostenbroek E, Westrik I, de Geus EJ, Gansevoort R, Lefrandt J, Nolte IM, Snieder H. Validity of (Ultra-)Short Recordings for Heart Rate Variability Measurements. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 28;10(9):e0138921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138921. eCollection 2015. |
| 33218540 | Result | Arienti C, Farinola F, Ratti S, Dacco S, Fasulo L. Variations of HRV and skin conductance reveal the influence of CV4 and Rib Raising techniques on autonomic balance: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Oct;24(4):395-401. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Jul 31. |
| 26199632 | Result | Cardoso-de-Mello-E-Mello-Ribeiro AP, Rodriguez-Blanco C, Riquelme-Agullo I, Heredia-Rizo AM, Ricard F, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca A. Effects of the Fourth Ventricle Compression in the Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System: A Randomized Control Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:148285. doi: 10.1155/2015/148285. Epub 2015 Jun 14. |
| 33117124 | Result | Carnevali L, Lombardi L, Fornari M, Sgoifo A. Exploring the Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Autonomic Function Through the Lens of Heart Rate Variability. Front Neurosci. 2020 Oct 7;14:579365. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579365. eCollection 2020. |
| 30100295 | Result | Curi ACC, Maior Alves AS, Silva JG. Cardiac autonomic response after cranial technique of the fourth ventricle (cv4) compression in systemic hypertensive subjects. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018 Jul;22(3):666-672. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.11.013. Epub 2017 Dec 9. |
| 24054542 | Result | Tarvainen MP, Niskanen JP, Lipponen JA, Ranta-Aho PO, Karjalainen PA. Kubios HRV--heart rate variability analysis software. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014;113(1):210-20. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024. Epub 2013 Aug 6. |
| 36081005 | Result | Schaffarczyk M, Rogers B, Reer R, Gronwald T. Validity of the Polar H10 Sensor for Heart Rate Variability Analysis during Resting State and Incremental Exercise in Recreational Men and Women. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 30;22(17):6536. doi: 10.3390/s22176536. |