The control group only received usual care, the PANSS and MMSE were used to assess psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functions before (week 0) and after 8 weeks.

The experimental group use the MedAdhere app for eight weeks, the PANSS and MMSE were used to assess psychiatric symptoms and cognitive functions before (week 0) and after (week 8) intervention.

The experimental group downloaded and used the MedAdhere app on their personal smartphones during this 8-week study

The positive and negative syndrome scale was used to measure participants' psychiatric symptoms.

Of the 30 items on the scale, seven are positive symptoms, seven are negative symptoms, and 16 are general psychopathology symptoms. Symptom severity for each item is rated according to the anchoring points in the 7-point scale (1 = absent; 7 = extreme) that best describe the symptom (Kay et al., 1987). The PANSS score is the sum of ratings across items, ranging from 7 to 49 for the Positive, Negative Scales, and 16 to 112 and 16 to 112 for the General Psychopathology Scale.

The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to measure participants' cognitive functions.

The MMSE consists of 15 questions for assessing the following seven cognitive domains: orientation in time and place, memory registration and recall, attention and calculation, and language. The total MMSE score ranged from 0 to 30, and higher scores indicate better cognitive functions.

Utilizing cloud-based platforms to compute the medication adherence rate.