A HAPA-based multicomponent fall intervention will use group education, individualized plans and face-to-face interviews to develop health behaviors, such as fall emergency management, IC enhancement (exercise management, diet management, cognitive improvement, psychological regulation, vision protection), medication and disease management, environmental improvement, and fall self-efficacy enhancement.

The control group will receive the same overall duration and frequency of interventions as the intervention group.

According to the HAPA and the conceptual model of IC, this intervention consists of 3 stages.

Stage 1: The main format will be group lectures and scenario simulation, each intervention will have a duration of 30 to 45 minutes. Intervention content will utilize BCT [5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 9.3, 15.1] .

Stage 2: This stage will utilize mostly group lectures or one-to-one interviews, to provide an action and coping plan to participants for fall risk management. This will apply BCT [1.1-1.4, 4.1] at week 4.Firstly, individualized targets will be established. Secondly, professionals and participants will collaborate to develop an implementation plan.

Stage 3:Recovery self-efficacy will be implemented as group discussions, with each intervention lasting 15-30 minutes. Maintenance will be implemented in one-to-one interviews, with each intervention lasting 15-30 minutes.Finally, the consolidation and outlook will provide the foundation for the habit formation of healthy behaviors.

Each dimension of capability will be assigned score of 1, so the composite score ranges from 0-5, with higher scores representing a decline in IC

MMSE is a widely used assessment instrument with a score range of 0-30, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.833 for internal consistency. Subject to age and culture, the normal thresholds are classified according to the education level, the classification criteria are: illiterate > 17, primary > 20, high school and above > 24 as cognitive normal.

SPPB as a recommended physical performance test, combines the balance test, the gait speed test, and the chair rise test. The total scores range from 0 (worst performance) to 12 (best performance), and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.76 for internal consistency.

MNA is suitable for assessing the vitality of older people, covering anthropometric indicators, dietary and subjective assessments. The total score of the scale is 30, 24-30 is considered good nutritional status, 17-23.5 is at risk of malnutrition, and <17 is considered malnutrition. And the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.71 for internal consistency.

Visual capacity will use the self-report (one item of the WHO ICOPE screening tool) format. If the participant denies visual impairment, a tumbling E chart will be used to standardize visual testing. According to the Standard for Logarithmic Visual Acuity Charts (GB11533-2011), the decimal record will be used. Hearing capacity will use the self-report (two items of the WHO ICOPE screening tool). If the participant denies hearing impairment, a whisper voice test will be used. The examiner will stand behind the participant at an arm's length (0.6 meters). The examiner will whisper common and unrelated four words, and the participant will be required to repeat the words.

TUG assesses gait and balance in older adults. The participant will sit on the chair, and when the command "start" is heard, they will walk forward as fast as possible to 3 meters, then turn around and walk back to the chair.