This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.

This study used an eye-based unit of analysis, where each eye with ptosis served as an individual study unit. Participants with bilateral ptosis contributed two eyes to the study, while those with unilateral ptosis contributed one eye. All affected eyes underwent identical interventions and assessments.

Study Protocol:

Each eye with ptosis underwent the following sequential assessments:

1. Baseline measurements: Superior visual field (SVF) testing and margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurements were performed with the eyelid in its natural position.
2. Eyelid taping intervention: The upper eyelid was manually elevated using tape, and SVF testing was repeated.
3. Phenylephrine intervention: One drop of 2.5% phenylephrine ophthalmic solution was instilled into the affected eye, followed by both SVF testing and MRD1 measurements.

The total duration for each participant was less than 60 minutes across all testing conditions.

Post-Study Assessment: Following completion of all interventions, participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their experience with both eyelid taping and phenylephrine administration.