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Falls are common among people with vision impairment and can lead to devastating health consequences. Understanding the functions of vision and how the visual characteristics of obstacles in the walking path impact the gait of people with vision impairment is necessary to create strategies to prevent falls in this population. The purpose of this study is to determine how adults with vision impairment change their gait behavior when stepping over obstacles that vary in height and contrast to the ground. We will then determine the mechanisms of gaze behavior that correlate to the gait behavior.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Vision Group | Experimental | At a single study visit, the group of low vision participants will be asked to perform a series of short walking trials. During each trial they will walk at a self-selected speed along a walkway (6 meters in length) that may or may not contain an obstacle to step over. The trials will be randomly varied with regard to an obstacle's presence, height, and contrast from the walkway surface. Repeated trials of each condition variation will be performed during the visit. |
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| Control Group | Active Comparator | At a single study visit, the group of age-matched participants without low vision will be asked to perform a series of short walking trials. During each trial they will walk at a self-selected speed along a walkway (6 meters in length) that may or may not contain an obstacle to step over. The trials will be randomly varied with regard to an obstacle's presence, height, and contrast from the walkway surface. Repeated trials of each condition variation will be performed during the visit. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obstacle characteristics | Other | In the walking trials, when an obstacle is present, the obstacle height and obstacle contrast level will be varied across the trial repetitions. Each participant will be exposed to obstacles of two heights: the first will be 1 centimeter in height, and the second will be approximately 20% of the subject's leg length (ranging in physical height between 15 - 22 centimeters to cover a range of leg lengths in the population). Obstacles (of both heights) will also be painted such that their measured luminance (or contrast) level against the floor luminance is varied. High contrast obstacles will have ≥80% Michelson contrast and low contrast obstacles will have ≤30% Michelson contrast. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vertical foot clearance, lead limb | Distance from lowest point of foot (heel or toe) to top of obstacle | During a single intervention visit (Study Visit 2), up to 2-3 hours in duration. |
| Foot placement variability | Standard deviation of position of toe to obstacle over 2-4 steps before the obstacle | During a single intervention visit (Study Visit 2), up to 2-3 hours in duration. |
| Obstacle crossing speed | Speed from lead toe off immediately before the obstacle to trail heel down immediately after the obstacle. | During a single intervention visit (Study Visit 2), up to 2-3 hours in duration. |
| Gaze sequencing | Sequence of fixations from start of trial to end of trial, normalized to the total duration and divided into 100 equal segments | During a single intervention visit (Study Visit 2), up to 2-3 hours in duration. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18 or over
Able to walk independently
Either have normal vision, or impaired vision.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kierstyn A Napier-Dovorany, OD | Contact | 8128554426 | knapier@iu.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana University | Recruiting | Bloomington | Indiana | 47405 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015354 | Vision, Low |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| D005128 |
| Eye Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |