Evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of GD-iEXo-002 nasal drops in the treatment of focal refractory epilepsy

Epilepsy patients can achieve good control after treatment, but still 30% of patients are medically refractory epilepsy, with the vast majority being focal epilepsy. Recurrent seizures seriously affect the normal development, learning, and life of patients. There is an urgent need for effective drugs to treat refractory focal epilepsy in clinical practice.

Exosomes are a kind of vesicle structures secreted by cells, with a diameter of 30-150 nm, carrying proteins, nucleic acids and other substances. Exosomes have many advantages. As naturally occurring nanoscale secretory membrane vesicles, they have extremely low immunogenicity and good safety, and can cross biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier and the blood-tumor barrier. Exosomes have specific bioactive substances related to source cells, while stem cell exosomes contain TGF- β、 Functional factors such as BDNF can inhibit cell apoptosis, inhibit inflammatory response, promote angiogenesis, inhibit fibrosis, and enhance tissue repair potential, with a wide range of potential applications.

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) originates from single cell amplification, with infinite proliferation ability, good consistency and stability; MSCs exhibit significant heterogeneity.

The purpose of this single center, open label clinical trial is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cell derived exosomes (iPSC-Exos) nasal drops in the treatment of focal refractory epilepsy.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Before conducting this study, understand and sign the informed consent form and comply with the requirements of this study;
2. The subjects are patients with focal epilepsy aged 18 to 70 years (inclusive), regardless of gender;
3. The subjects must comply with the definition of drug resistant epilepsy (ILAE);
4. Subjects must take 1-6 types of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), and before entering the screening period, they must take unadjusted types and stable doses of AEDs for at least 4 weeks;
5. Throughout the entire research process, the subject/legal guardian must be able to accurately record the log of epileptic seizures;
6. Subjects must experience at least 4 countable seizures within 28 days prior to the screening period;
7. The subjects are willing and able to comply with the research requirements.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unwilling or unable to follow the procedures stipulated in the agreement;
2. Pregnant or lactating women, or women with reproductive potential who are unable or unwilling to take appropriate contraceptive measures;
3. Other uncontrollable diseases that may interfere with the research results, including but not limited to infection, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc;
4. There are situations that may increase the risk of participating in experiments or research product use, such as liver enzyme elevation exceeding twice the normal upper limit and/or GFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2;
5. Have a history of drug abuse, alcohol dependence, or smoking within one month;
6. Patients with status epilepticus within one month;
7. Have potential progressive nervous system disease, such as encephalitis, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis or dementia;
8. Patients who plan to undergo epilepsy surgery within six months;
9. Patients with abnormal or diseased nasal structures;
10. Patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea;
11. Patients whose family members have not been able to proficiently and correctly master the nasal drip method through standardized training