During a lumbar epidural steroid injection under fluoroscopic guidance, images are taken as part of the procedure. Following the procedure, the surgeon who performed it will not discuss the images with the participants in this arm.

If participants request an explanation of the images, they will not be included in the analysis.

During a lumbar epidural steroid injection under fluoroscopic guidance, images are taken as part of the procedure. Following the procedure, the surgeon who performed it will discuss the images with the participants in this arm.

Post-operatively, the images taken during the procedure will be reviewed with the participant.

Patient satisfaction as measured by a modified version of the PGS Questionnaire. The questionnaire is comprised of 9 questions measuring general patient satisfaction with the care experience. Each question is on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). The lowest possible score of the PGS is 9, and the highest possible score is 45. The lower the total score, the poorer the patient's satisfaction, while the higher the score, the higher the patient's satisfaction.

The PGIC is a scale participants use to rate the level of change they have experienced following treatment. The PGIC is a 7-point scale from 1 (very much better) to 7 (very much worse). After making this selection, participants then rate the percentage of how their condition is following the transforaminal epidural steroid injection compared to before, with 10% being "a little better" and 100% being "very much better."