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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has adopted a top priority as it is a disease with an increasing prevalence. The number of people living with DM has increased more than fourfold over the past 40 years to more than 460 million people today
All-cause mortality rates have declined substantially in several high-income countries, including England.
A diversification in non-fatal conditions in people with DM has also been reported. This is attributable to broader, non-vascular conditions. Due to increasing longevity among people with type 2 DM with increasing and diversifying multimorbidity in them, the health needs of people with Type 2 DM are therefore likely to be broad, and complex.
Finding multimorbidity (two or more chronic conditions) is common in people with Type 2 DM and increasing, but the comorbidity profiles of people with T2DM vary substantially.
Many studies have primarily focused on identifying multimorbidity patterns in the general population.
The understanding of multimorbidity patterns and composition of specific comorbidities in people with DM, and how this varies across patient groups and during the course of the disease, is limited. Further knowledge of this could provide insight into providing more holistic and more personal approaches to clinical guideline development, care pathways, and secondary prevention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| type 2 DM | Other |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBA1C | Diagnostic Test | blood sample on EDTA |
| |
| Lipid profile, including total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and Triglycerides |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants with hypertension | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with dyslipidemia | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Diabetic kidney disease | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Coronary heart disease | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with thyroid disorder | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Stroke | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Peripheral arterial disease | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Diabetic eye disease | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Peripheral neuropathy | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Liver disease | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Number of participants with Infections |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants with controlled diabetes mellitus with correlation to the number of cormobidity | At time of inclusion in the study | |
| Correlate the presence of each co-morbidity with the extent of diabetes control | At time of inclusion in the study |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Valley University | Al Khārjah | Kharga Oasis | 72511 | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31518657 | Background | Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K, Shaw JE, Bright D, Williams R; IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov;157:107843. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843. Epub 2019 Sep 10. | |
| 29784146 |
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| Diagnostic Test |
serum sample |
|
| Urine analysis and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio | Diagnostic Test | Morning urine sample |
|
| Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate | Diagnostic Test | serum sample |
|
| Complete blood count | Diagnostic Test | blood sample on EDTA |
|
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Diagnostic Test | serum sample |
|
| Serum iron, TIBC, Transferrin saturation and serum ferritin if needed | Diagnostic Test | serum sample |
|
| Electrocardiography (ECG) | Procedure | by electrocardiogram |
|
| Transthoracic echocardiography, Neck ultrasonography if needed and abdominopelvic ultrasound | Procedure | imaging |
|
| Arterial duplex ultrasound of both lower limbs | Procedure | imaging |
|
| Random blood glucose | Diagnostic Test | serum sample |
|
| AST, ALT, albumin | Diagnostic Test | serum sample |
|
| At time of inclusion in the study |
| Number of participants with Cancer | At time of inclusion in the study |
| Background |
| Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Srinivasan M, Lin J, Geiss LS, Albright AL, Imperatore G. Trends in cause-specific mortality among adults with and without diagnosed diabetes in the USA: an epidemiological analysis of linked national survey and vital statistics data. Lancet. 2018 Jun 16;391(10138):2430-2440. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30314-3. Epub 2018 May 18. |
| 27208325 | Background | Harding JL, Shaw JE, Peeters A, Davidson S, Magliano DJ. Age-Specific Trends From 2000-2011 in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study of More Than One Million People. Diabetes Care. 2016 Jun;39(6):1018-26. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2308. Epub 2016 Apr 26. |
| 33549162 | Background | Pearson-Stuttard J, Bennett J, Cheng YJ, Vamos EP, Cross AJ, Ezzati M, Gregg EW. Trends in predominant causes of death in individuals with and without diabetes in England from 2001 to 2018: an epidemiological analysis of linked primary care records. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):165-173. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30431-9. Epub 2021 Feb 4. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016482 | Urinalysis |
| D001772 | Blood Cell Count |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019963 | Clinical Chemistry Tests |
| D019411 | Clinical Laboratory Techniques |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D003950 | Diagnostic Techniques, Urological |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D002452 | Cell Count |
| D003584 | Cytological Techniques |
| D006403 | Hematologic Tests |
| D002468 | Cell Physiological Phenomena |
| D001790 | Blood Physiological Phenomena |
| D002943 | Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena |
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