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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Mind and Life Institute, Hadley, Massachusetts | OTHER |
| The Greater Good Science Center at the University of California, Berkeley | UNKNOWN |
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In the present study, the investigators will conduct a confirmatory efficacy trial to test whether improving practice automaticity (i.e., habit formation) of self-compassionate touch improves outcomes in the predicted direction. Adults (n=440, including 20% for attrition) will be randomly assigned to: (1) the self-compassionate touch intervention plus habit formation tools ("SCT+HABITS") versus (2) the self-compassionate touch intervention alone ("SCT"). The investigators will conduct assessments at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. The SCT+HABITS condition will be used to evaluate whether providing habit formation tools results in superior effects to SCT. The intervention will be delivered entirely online.
Specific Aim 1: Evaluate whether SCT+HABITS shows more practice frequency and practice automaticity from baseline to 3-month, and to 6-month follow-up compared to the SCT. Hypothesis 1. The SCT+HABITS group will show greater increases in practice frequency and practice automaticity than SCT from baseline to 3-month, and to 6-month follow-up.
Specific Aim 2: Determine whether SCT+HABITS, relative to SCT, will experience increased self-compassion and self-compassion automaticity, and reduced stress and psychopathology. Hypothesis 2. SCT+HABITS will promote greater increases in self-compassion and self-compassion automaticity, and greater reductions in stress and psychopathology from baseline to 3-month, to 6-month follow-up.
Specific Aim 3: Assess whether greater baseline to 3-month follow-up increases in practice automaticity mediate the association between SCT+HABITS and baseline to 6-month follow-up increases in (a) self-compassion and (b) self-compassion automaticity, as well as reductions in (c) stress and (d) psychopathology. Hypothesis 3. Greater baseline to 3-month follow-up increases in practice automaticity will mediate the association between the SCT+HABITS group and baseline to 6-month follow-up increases in (a) self-compassion and (b) self-compassion automaticity, as well as reductions in (c) stress and (d) psychopathology.
Exploratory Aim: Evaluate the barriers, facilitators, and acceptability of SCT+HABITS and SCT alone. This aim will be addressed via qualitative analyses to characterize barriers and facilitators to habit formation, and the proportion of participants in each condition (SCT+HABITS and SCT alone) who noted each type of barrier and facilitator. Participants will self-report on acceptability and feasibility via questionnaire. Then, the investigators will examine whether SCT+HABITS and SCT alone will meet or exceed the established criteria for acceptability and feasibility.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention Alone | Active Comparator | All participants will receive the self-compassion intervention after completing their baseline assessment, which will contain the same instructions used in the initial study (see NCT05199779). |
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| Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention Plus Habit Formation Tools | Experimental | SCT+HABITS participants will receive the abovementioned procedures, and will also receive evidence-based tools for forming habits. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention | Behavioral | Participants will be taught the micropractice (<20-second/day personal practice) via video recording. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Practice Frequency | Number of times practiced self-compassion exercise per week since last assessment. 1 item. Higher frequency indicates a better outcome. | Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup |
| Practice Automaticity (Practice Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index [SRBAI]) | 4 items, 1-9 scale. Higher scores indicate a better outcome. | Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month follow-up. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-Compassion (Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale [SOCS-S]) | 20-items, 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 20 to 100 (Higher score means higher compassion for self). Sub-scale items included. | Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup |
| Self-Compassion Automaticity (Self-Compassion Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index [SRBAI]) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Barriers and Facilitators | The investigators will explore first-person experience of using the practice by asking open-ended free-response questions. The investigators will develop a coding system of the barriers and facilitators to forming the habit of practicing SCT daily. | Assessed at 6-month followup |
| Acceptability and Feasibility (Program Feedback Scale [PFS]) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eli S Susman | University of California, Berkeley | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California at Berkeley | Berkeley | California | 94720-1650 | United States |
Data will be shared via the Open Science Framework by time of publication.
Data will be shared via the Open Science Framework by time of publication.
De-identified data, materials and analytic code will be made publicly available
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006184 | Habits |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Participants will be randomized to the SCT or SCT+HABITS using the randomizer elements in Qualtrics.
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Study participants will not be made aware that there are two experimental conditions. All will be told that they are receiving the intervention.
| Habit Formation Tools | Behavioral | Participants will receive evidence-based tools for promoting habit-formation. |
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20 items. 1-9 scale. Higher scores indicate a better outcome. |
| Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup. |
| Perceived Stress (Perceived-Stress Scale [PSS-10]) | 10 items, 5 point response scale (from 0 = Never to 4 = Very Often). Lower scores indicate a better outcome. Scoring: Reverse score (e.g., 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1 & 4 = 0) items 4, 5, 7, & 8 and then summing across all scale items. | Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup |
| Psychopathology (DSM-5 Cross-Cutting Measure [DSM-XC]) | 22 items (suicidality item Q11 removed). 5-point scale (0=none or not at all; 1=slight or rare, less than a day or two; 2=mild or several days; 3=moderate or more than half the days; and 4=severe or nearly every day). | Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup |
7 Items. 5-point scale (1="really disagree"; 5="totally agree") |
| Assessed at 6-month followup |