Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Diet can influence the body's healing and repair mechanisms. A dietary imbalance obviously cannot trigger periodontal disease in the absence of a primum movens, which is bacterial plaque. However, it can condition its severity and extent by altering the permeability of the oral mucosa, the effectiveness of the immune response and the reparative potential of the gingival tissues.
Nutraceuticals is the science that studies the effects of the so-called food-drug, i.e. those foods that contain substances capable of performing a pharmacological function, modifying the functions of the organism. In particular, some molecules that are assimilated through various foods are able to penetrate the cell nucleus and influence, through an epigenetic mechanism, the expression or otherwise of some genes. The aim of the present longitudinal quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the gingival inflammatory response to experimentally induced plaque accumulation in periodontally healthy vegans and omnivores and to explore whether systemic biomarkers mediated the observed clinical effects.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with a vegan diet | Experimental | After excluding patients with clinical signs of periodontitis, the patients recruited at baseline underwent prophylaxis and home oral hygiene instructions were given with brushing and flossing in order to reduce the parameters of inflammation and the presence of plaque (FMPS andFMBS). After patient recruitment and prior to baseline assessment, fasting venous blood samples will be collected to evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, CRP, d-ROMs, BAP, and complete blood count. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) will be calculated. After 15 days from baseline (T0) all patients were recorded the parameters of FMPS, FMBS, and Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) and were asked to stop using dental floss and mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly 4 times after T0 (T1, T2, T3,T4) in order to monitor the parameters of inflammation and plaque accumulation by recording FMBS, FMPS and EIBI. |
|
| Patients with an omnivorous diet | Active Comparator | After excluding patients with clinical signs of periodontitis, the patients recruited at baseline underwent prophylaxis and home oral hygiene instructions were given with brushing and flossing in order to reduce the parameters of inflammation and the presence of plaque (FMPS and FMBS). After patient recruitment and prior to baseline assessment, fasting venous blood samples will be collected to evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and hematological parameters, including fasting glucose, lipid profile, CRP, d-ROMs, BAP, and complete blood count. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) will be calculated. After 15 days from baseline (T0) all patients were recorded the parameters of FMPS, FMBS and Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) and were asked to stop using dental floss and mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly 4 times after T0 (T1, T2, T3, T4) in order to monitor the parameters of inflammation and plaque accumulation by recording FMBS, FMPS and EIBI. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegan/vegetarian diet | Dietary Supplement | At baseline, following the compilation of a periodontal chart in which pocket probing depth (PPD) and FMPS and FMBS were recorded, patients with pathological probing depths >3mm associated with periodontitis were excluded. Healthy patients underwent a prophylaxis session and oral hygiene instructions with brushing and flossing. A mouthwash based on chlorhexifdine 0.20% to be used twice a day was prescribed. At 15 days from the baseline (T0) the periodontal chart was compiled again and the parameters relating to PD, FMP, FMBS and the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) were collected. Patients with FMBS and FMPS values >20% were excluded. From time T0 all patients were asked to suspend the interdental hygiene maneuvers by interrupting the use of dental floss and abandoning the use of mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly, for a total of 4 times (T1, T2, T3, T4) in which parameters related to FMBS, FMPS and EIBI were recorded. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index | A wooden wedge is inserted buccally into the interdental space 1-2 mm, perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, to assess for the presence of interdental inflammation (Yes/No). | Four weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Full Mouth Plaque Score | Index that evaluates the general presence of bacterial plaque for all teeth. Through the passage of the probe, the presence of plaque deposits is reported for 4 surfaces for each tooth. A ratio is made between the contaminated surfaces and the total surfaces investigated to obtain a percentage value. | Four weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucose | Measurement of blood glucose levels after fasting to assess glycemic status. | Before T0 |
| Total cholesterol | Measurement of total circulating cholesterol. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Michele Paolantonio, MD; DDS | University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G. D'Annunzio University | Chieti | CH | 66100 | Italy |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067269 | Diet, Vegan |
| D014676 | Diet, Vegetarian |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000095500 | Diet, Plant-Based |
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Omnivorous diet | Dietary Supplement | At baseline, following the compilation of a periodontal chart in which pocket probing depth (PPD) and FMPS and FMBS were recorded, patients with pathological probing depths >3mm associated with periodontitis were excluded. Healthy patients underwent a prophylaxis session and oral hygiene instructions with brushing and flossing. A mouthwash based on chlorhexifdine 0.20% to be used twice a day was prescribed. At 15 days from the baseline (T0) the periodontal chart was compiled again and the parameters relating to PD, FMP, FMBS and the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) were collected. Patients with FMBS and FMPS values >20% were excluded. From time T0 all patients were asked to suspend the interdental hygiene maneuvers by interrupting the use of dental floss and abandoning the use of mouthwash. All patients were recalled weekly, for a total of 4 times (T1, T2, T3, T4) in which parameters related to FMBS, FMPS and EIBI were recorded. |
|
| Full Mouth Bleeding Score |
Index that evaluates the general presence of bleeding for all teeth. Through the insertion of a periodontal probe, the presence of bleeding on probing is signaled for 4 sites for each tooth. A ratio is made between the bleeding sites and the total sites investigated to obtain a percentage value. |
| Four weeks |
| Before T0 |
| High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) | Assessment of HDL cholesterol | Before T0 |
| Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) | Assessment of LDL cholesterol | Before T0 |
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | Systemic inflammatory biomarker used to evaluate inflammatory status | Before T0 |
| Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs) | Marker of oxidative stress reflecting circulating reactive oxygen metabolites | Before T0 |
| Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP) | Measurement of antioxidant capacity in plasma | Before T0 |
| Complete blood count (CBC) | Hematological assessment including leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count. | Before T0 |
| Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) | Composite inflammatory index calculated as platelet count × neutrophil count / lymphocyte count. | Before T0 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Anthropometric index calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²) to assess body composition. | Before T0 |
| D004032 |
| Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |