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Tuberculosis remained one of the top ten leading cause of death worldwide. There were more than 10 million new diagnoses per year, and up to 1.2 million deaths caused by tuberculosis. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is defined as infection outside the lung. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common site of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, constituting around 30-50% of all cases. A unique manifestation with worsening of symptoms, called paradoxical upgrading reaction (PUR), may develop in 20-50% of patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis during the therapy. Common presentations of the PUR include swollen lymphadenitis with pain or rupture with pus. Patients may fail to complete the treatment and jeopardize the development of drug-resistant pathogen. Limited studies investigated the risk factors associated with the PUR. In our prior study, ultrasound shear wave elastography offers quantified values as the objective parameters to successfully predict the occurrence of PUR. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of corticosteroid as an adjunct therapy to reduce the PUR from happening in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunct corticosteroid and standard anti-tuberculosis agent | Experimental | Prednisolone dosing and duration per study protocol |
|
| Standard of care with standard anti-tuberculosis agent | Active Comparator | standard anti-tuberculosis agent |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prednisolone | Drug | adjunct steroid per study protocol |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| reduction rate of paradoxical upgrading reaction | decreased in occurrence of unpredicted paradoxical reaction | up to 9 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| hospital-anxiety scale | The objective measurement of anxiety status by scoring, ranging from 0-21. Score with the higher value suggest more severe anxiety. | up to 9 months |
| hospital- depression scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Participants diagnosed of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis must qualify any of the following criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yen-Lin Chen | Contact | 0972651876 | moich1@ntuh.gov.tw | |
| Yen-Lin Chen | Contact | 0972651876 | moich.chen@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yen-Lin Chen | National Taiwan University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan University Hospital | Recruiting | Taipei | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34953644 | Background | Chen YL, Kuo YW, Wu HD, Wang JY, Wang HC. The application of ultrasound shear wave elastography in the prediction of paradoxical upgrading reaction in tuberculous lymphadenitis. a pilot study. J Formos Med Assoc. 2022 Sep;121(9):1696-1704. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.002. Epub 2021 Dec 23. | |
| 33033150 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014388 | Tuberculosis, Lymph Node |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092225 | Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary |
| D014376 | Tuberculosis |
| D009164 | Mycobacterium Infections |
| D000193 | Actinomycetales Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011239 | Prednisolone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011246 | Pregnadienetriols |
| D011245 | Pregnadienes |
| D011278 | Pregnanes |
| D013256 | Steroids |
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| standard anti-tuberculosis agents | Drug | standard anti-tuberculosis agents |
|
The objective measurement of depression status by scoring, ranging from 0-21. Score with the higher value suggest more severe depression.
| up to 9 months |
| tuberculosis relapse rate | recurrence of tuberculosis infection | up to 24 months |
| treatment duration | total duration of anti-tuberculosis drug | up to 9 months |
| adverse events during corticosteroid therapy | any side effects of drugs related or associated with corticosteroid | up to 9 months |
| paradoxical upgrading reaction rate in low elasticity group | the occurrence of paradoxical reaction in non-steroid using group | up to 9 months |
| Kuo YW, Chen YL, Wu HD, Chien YC, Huang CK, Wang HC. Application of transthoracic shear-wave ultrasound elastography in lung lesions. Eur Respir J. 2021 Mar 25;57(3):2002347. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02347-2020. Print 2021 Mar. |
| D016908 | Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections |
| D001424 | Bacterial Infections |
| D001423 | Bacterial Infections and Mycoses |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D000072473 |
| Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |