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Advancing age is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia which can lead to a rapid acceleration in both the healthcare costs and caregiver burden. There is a need to develop non-pharmacological and easily accessible modalities of support for the well-being and enhancing quality of life for individuals with dementia. There is evidence that music listening is associated with stress and anxiety reduction in older adults. Here, the investigators aim to assess the effects of music listening as provided by a novel digital music-based intervention (developed by LUCID) on mood, anxiety, and quality of life in individuals at the early stages of dementia. LUCID uses reinforcement learning machine learning to curate and personalize the musical playlist while incorporating monoaural theta auditory beat stimulation (ABS) into the music. The study will be conducted remotely with study hardware (tablets and Bluetooth speakers) being delivered to caregivers/participants. The study will take place over an 8- week period, with participants completing four 30 mins music or audiobook listening sessions per week. Pre and post-intervention assessments will be done via Zoom with the presence of a research staff member. The control condition consists of a randomized list of short audiobooks. The experimental condition consists of music and monoaural ABS curated by LUCID's AI system. The investigators hypothesize that the LUCID AI music curation system, compared to audiobooks, will be correlated with a greater reduction in measures of anxiety and agitation and an enhancement of mood and quality of life.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Music Listening | Experimental | Music Intervention - Music selection by LUCID The AI-based system for song selection responds to the collected measurement data (video and HRV) and music preference information (like/dislike button, music taste profile) to recommend the playlist for the listener. The songs are selected using 76 different musical features and raw audio information. The system uses these features to recommend and optimize recommendations for the listener. The video is only temporarily streamed from the device to extract a series of facial features to assist in music selection. This data stream is sent to the LUCID cloud platform via encrypted data in transit protocol; the facial features are extracted, and the video is deleted. The facial feature data, even when reconstructed, is not identifiable. No personally identifiable biometric measures are stored in LUCID servers at any time |
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| Audiobooks | Active Comparator | Audiobook selection A selection of 40 audiobooks spanning 4 genres (10 each from Literary Classics, Fantasy, Mystery, Non-fiction) will be available. For each session, the participant and their caregiver will be given a prompt to make a genre selection. After making the genre selection, one of the ten stories associated with that genre will be selected at random. All stories were sampled from the Audible audiobook database. Stories had to be 30 minutes in length to align with the length of the music interventions and the selected stories had to have had a 4- or 5-star rating to ensure quality. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music Listening | Behavioral | The LUCID AI-based system for song selection responds to the collected measurement data (video and HRV) and music preference information (like/dislike button, music taste profile) to recommend the playlist for the listener. The songs are selected using 76 different musical features and raw audio information. The system uses these features to recommend and optimize recommendations for the listener |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Agitation Trait | Change in agitation as measured by the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Index | 8 weeks |
| Agitation State | Change in agitation as measured by Overt Agitation Scale (OAS) | pre and post 20 mins session for a total of 32 sessions |
| Agitation State | Change in agitation as measured by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Excited Component (PANSS-EC) | pre and post 20 mins session for a total of 32 sessions |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Change in Anxiety in Dementia Scale (RAID)-Minimum value: 0, Maximum value: 54. Higher score | 8 weeks |
| Anxiety | Change in State-trait cognitive and somatic anxiety (STICSA) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | Change in depression as measured by Geriatric Depression Scale 0 is minimum and 15 is maximum with 15 being highest rate of depression | 8 weeks |
| Well-being | Change in quality of life as measured by Cornell Brown Scale for Quality of Life in Dementia - Minimum score: -38. Maximum score: 38. Higher score indicates better outcome (increased quality of life) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Southern California | Los Angeles | California | 90089 | United States |
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The data and protocol will be available upon completion of the data and analysis
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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Investigators, and research staff involved in data collection and analysis will be masked to the assignment of participants
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| Listening to Audiobooks | Behavioral | A selection of 40 audiobooks spanning 4 genres (10 each from Literary Classics, Fantasy, Mystery, Non-fiction) will be available. For each session, the participant and their caregiver will be given a prompt to make a genre selection. After making the genre selection, one of the ten stories associated with that genre will be selected at random. All stories were sampled from the Audible audiobook database. Stories had to be 30 minutes in length to align with the length of the music interventions and the selected stories had to have had a 4- or 5-star rating to ensure quality. |
|
| 8 weeks |
| 8 weeks |
| Caregiver Burden | Change in caregiver burden measured by Zarit caregiver burden | 8 weeks |
| Anxiety and Mood | Change in Mood and Anxiety as measured by PANAS Positive and Negative Affect Schedule | pre and post 20 mins session for a total of 32 sessions |
| Arousal | Change in affect as measured by high low arousal | pre and post 20 mins session for a total of 32 sessions |
| Valence | Change in affect as measured by positive negative valence | pre and post 20 mins session for a total of 32 sessions |
| Memory | Changes in memory recall measured by vividness and specificity of recalled memories | 8 weeks |