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Diabetes being a very prevalent condition results in various complications including neuropathy, which can impair various functional outcomes in patients including balance. Ankle proprioceptive training (APT) is an intervention that is used to tackle this problem. The study will compare APT with standard balance training in subjects with diabetic neuropathy.
The study will include the diagnosed diabetic subjects with score of 4 or more on Douleur neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4Q). The subjects will be randomly divided into 2 groups; interventional group and control group. Interventional group will receive APT 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Balance training exercises will be given to both groups 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The assessments will be done at baseline, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks of interventions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iinterventional group | Experimental | Ankle proprioceptive and balance training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. |
|
| control group | Active Comparator | Balance training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankle proprioceptive training (APT) | Other | APT comprise of exercises including towel curls, uni-leg stance on foam with activity, writing alphabets on gym ball with toes, picking marbles with toes. BT includes tendem walk, side leg raises, sit to stand, side walk, back leg raise |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mini BESTest | Mini BESTest is a 27-item physical performance test that distributes the items among the six sub-systems of static and dynamic balance, including stability limits/verticality, biomechanical constraints, anticipatory postural adjustments, postural responses, sensory orientation and stability in gait. | Baseline |
| Mini BESTest | Mini BESTest is a 27-item physical performance test that distributes the items among the six sub-systems of static and dynamic balance, including stability limits/verticality, biomechanical constraints, anticipatory postural adjustments, postural responses, sensory orientation and stability in gait. | At 4 weeks |
| Mini BESTest | Mini BESTest is a 27-item physical performance test that distributes the items among the six sub-systems of static and dynamic balance, including stability limits/verticality, biomechanical constraints, anticipatory postural adjustments, postural responses, sensory orientation and stability in gait. | At 8 weeks |
| Sharpened Romberg (SR) | The Sharpened Romberg (SR) has been proposed as a quick screening tool for balance. SR requires the client to stand in tandem, with the heel of one foot touching the toe of the other foot, for 30 or 60 seconds. | Baseline |
| Sharpened Romberg (SR) | The Sharpened Romberg (SR) has been proposed as a quick screening tool for balance. SR requires the client to stand in tandem, with the heel of one foot touching the toe of the other foot, for 30 or 60 seconds. | At 4 weeks |
| Sharpened Romberg (SR) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kiran Khushnood, MSNMPT | Riphah International University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital developmental authority hospital | Islamabad | Islamabad | 44000 | Pakistan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D003929 | Diabetic Neuropathies |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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There will be two groups .One is interventional and the other is control group. Interventional group will be taking ankle proprioceptive training and balance training, where control will be having only balance training exercises.
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The participents of both groups and the outcome assessor will be blinded
|
| Balance training (BT) | Other | Balance training exercises comprising of side walk, tandem walk, standing on one leg, walking with alternating arm raise up to 90 degrees |
|
The Sharpened Romberg (SR) has been proposed as a quick screening tool for balance. SR requires the client to stand in tandem, with the heel of one foot touching the toe of the other foot, for 30 or 60 seconds.
| At 8 weeks |
| Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) Questionnaire | The Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) Questionnaire is a screening tool for neuropathic pain that includes physical exams and 10 interview questions (DN4-interview). As referred in its original version scores lower than 4 were defined negative and 4 or more as positive. | Baseline |
| Douleur Neuropathique en 4 (DN4) Questionnaire | The Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) Questionnaire is a screening tool for neuropathic pain that includes physical exams and 10 interview questions (DN4-interview). As referred in its original version scores lower than 4 were defined negative and 4 or more as positive. | At 4 weeks |
| Douleur Neuropathique en 4 (DN4) Questionnaire | The Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) Questionnaire is a screening tool for neuropathic pain that includes physical exams and 10 interview questions (DN4-interview). As referred in its original version scores lower than 4 were defined negative and 4 or more as positive. | At 8 weeks |
| Unilateral stance test | Unilateral stance test is used for postural stability. The participant must stand unsupported on one leg. Participants are more likely to fall hurt if they can't maintain the one-leg position for at least five seconds. | Baseline |
| Unilateral stance test | Unilateral stance test is used for postural stability. The participant must stand unsupported on one leg. Participants are more likely to fall hurt if they can't maintain the one-leg position for at least five seconds. | At 4 weeks |
| Unilateral stance test | Unilateral stance test is used for postural stability. The participant must stand unsupported on one leg. Participants are more likely to fall hurt if they can't maintain the one-leg position for at least five seconds. | At 8 weeks |
| The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) | The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) measures people's fear about falling. FES-I scores ranging from minimum 7 (no concern about falling) to maximum 28 could be used as a rapid screening tool to evaluate a person's self-reported fear of falling. | Baseline |
| The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) | The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) measures people's fear about falling. FES-I scores ranging from minimum 7 (no concern about falling) to maximum 28 could be used as a rapid screening tool to evaluate a person's self-reported fear of falling. | At 4 weeks |
| The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) | The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) measures people's fear about falling. FES-I scores ranging from minimum 7 (no concern about falling) to maximum 28 could be used as a rapid screening tool to evaluate a person's self-reported fear of falling. | At 8 weeks |
| D010523 | Peripheral Nervous System Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |