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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if yoga-based breathing styles could improve memory performance in adult persons without relevant prior experience in yoga, meditation or similar disciplines and without existing health problems which could hinder the implementation of the breathing exercises.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will complete a memory test while doing a specific nasal and oral breathing.
They will complete a two-week training period after the test with daily nasal or mouth breathing training or no training at all, depending on the group, the are divided into.
Researchers will compare the effect of different breathing styles on memory ability among themselves.
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the effect of yoga-based breathing styles on the human brain regarding memory performance in adult persons without relevant prior experience in yoga, meditation or similar disciplines and without existing health problems which could hinder the performance of the breathing exercises.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will complete a memory test while performing controlled nasal and oral breathing.
They will complete a two-week training period after the test with daily nasal or mouth breathing training or no training at all, depending on the group assignment.
Researchers will compare the nasal breathing group to the mouth breathing and the comparison group to see if the nasal breathing results in a significant improvement of the memory capacity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nose-breathing | Experimental | Controlled nose-breathing |
|
| Mouth-breathing | Active Comparator | Controlled mouth-breathing |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | no intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nose-breathing training | Other | 13 days of controlled nose-breathing training at a specific frequency with a duration of approximately 15 min a day |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Improvement of learned images | Memory improvement by performing the home nasal breathing training. The correctness of the mapping is measured by the percentage correctness of the given answers in the memory test, which takes place promptly after the learning phase and 2 weeks later. | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reduction of subjective stress level | The subjective stress level is determined by a subjective stress statement, before and after each learning and retrieval phase, at the first appointment and at the second after 2 weeks. | 2 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximilian A Becker | Contact | +49 176 20205231 | maximilian_arno.becker@uni-saarland.de |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christoph Krick, Dr.rer.med. | University of Saarland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Saarland University Medical Center | Recruiting | Homburg | Saarland | 66421 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27927961 | Background | Zelano C, Jiang H, Zhou G, Arora N, Schuele S, Rosenow J, Gottfried JA. Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function. J Neurosci. 2016 Dec 7;36(49):12448-12467. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2586-16.2016. | |
| 32017430 | Background | Klippenstein JL, Stark SM, Stark CEL, Bennett IJ. Neural substrates of mnemonic discrimination: A whole-brain fMRI investigation. Brain Behav. 2020 Mar;10(3):e01560. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1560. Epub 2020 Feb 3. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007040 | Hypoventilation |
| D006985 | Hyperventilation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012131 | Respiratory Insufficiency |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D012818 | Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory |
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Nose-breathing group, Mouth-breathing group, Control group
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| Mouth-breathing training | Other | 13 days of controlled mouth-breathing training at a specific frequency with a duration of approximately 15 min a day |
|
| 31597601 | Background | Stark SM, Kirwan CB, Stark CEL. Mnemonic Similarity Task: A Tool for Assessing Hippocampal Integrity. Trends Cogn Sci. 2019 Nov;23(11):938-951. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.08.003. Epub 2019 Oct 6. |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |