The goal of this research project is to determine if different communication techniques during the consent process impact parental anxiety and comfort providing consent.

The parents of children in the pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) at Columbia University may be asked if they are interested in participating in this study if their child needs a central venous line (CVL) or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed.

If the parents are interested in participating, they will be randomly assigned to a communication technique group while they are discussing the procedure and giving consent with a medical team member. After they provide consent, they will be asked to complete surveys about their thoughts and feelings. The study should take about 15 minutes.

After data is collected, the researchers will compare survey answers between the two communication styles used with parents.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Parent or guardian of a child admitted to the pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) at Columbia University
• The child needs a central venous line (CVL) or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placed in the PICU
• The parent or guardian speaks English or Spanish

Exclusion Criteria:

• Parents or guardians who speak languages other than English or Spanish
• Parents or guardians of children who need a CVL or PICC placed during an emergency without consent
• Parents or guardians who are unable to be physically present and provide consent over the phone

Participants (parents) will not know which communication technique group they are in until after their participation.