Anesthesia induction is associated with hemodynamic imbalances that can affect the blood flow to major organs. Moreover it can result in deoxygenation as well. During standard anesthesia induction the patient is manually ventilated with a circle-valve-mask system until the effect of muscle relaxant shows of. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a modification of a well-known peripheral pulse oxymetry that is used in the detection of the regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) in organs, including brain, liver, muscle, and intestines. In this study we will compare the regional oxygenation status of the patients during anesthesia induction in which either standard manual ventilation or mechanical ventilator-assisted ventilation was performed. AutoFlow(R) mode of Draeger-Perseus mechanical ventilator will be used for the ventilator-assisted ventilation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II

Exclusion Criteria:

• ASA III or above
• Congenital or traumatic brain injury
• Allergy to NIRS probe material
• Cardiac or vascular disease, including heart failure or hypertension
• Difficult mask ventilation and difficult intubation
• Thoracic surgery
• Head and neck surgery
• Emergency surgery
• Obesity

Pediatric surgical patients aged 5-10 years scheduled for elective surgery.