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Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common and undesirable postoperative symptom that causes patient dissatisfaction. Cold application is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological, cost-effective and effort-effective therapy for pain management. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether colding of ETT can reduce sore throat, dysphagia and dysphonia after endotracheal intubation.
The incidence of postoperative sore throat (POST) has been reported up to 62% following general anaesthesia.It is an undesirable events experienced by patients after general anaesthesia. Various pharmacological agents have been applied to reduce POST, such as lidocaine, ketamine, magnesium, corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these agents may have some systemic and local side effects. Therefore, various non-pharmacological applications have been investigated to reduce sore throat. Cold application is a non-invasive, cost-effective and effort-effective therapy for pain management. Although the mechanism is not clearly known, it increases the pain threshold, slows cellular metabolism, causes vasoconstriction, and reduces capillary permeability. Therefore, we hypothesized that colding of endotracheal tube may decrease POST associated with airway inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether colding of ETT can reduce sore throat, dysphagia and dysphonia after endotracheal intubation. The goal of this study is to identify a simple, safe, and inexpensive perioperative intervention to reduce post operative sore throat. This study is a prospective, randomised study involving 116 subjects and they will assessed on the incidence and severity of sore throat, dysphagia and dysphonia at 1. 4. 12. 24. hours after removal of endotracheal tube. Outcomes from this study can be extended to patients who will be receiving general anaesthesia using a endotracheal tube to reduce the incidence and severity of sore throat.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| cold endotracheal tube (ETT) | Experimental | Patients who were intubated with an ETT which kept in the fridge. |
|
| Endotracheal tube (ETT) in the normal temperature | No Intervention | Patients who were intubated with an ETT which kept in the operation room. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cold endotracheal tube | Other | patients who were intubated with an ETT which kept in the fridge. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the incidence of sore throat 1 hour after extubation. | Presence of sore throat defined as constant pain, independent of swallowing (0=no. 1=yes) | 1 hour after extubation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the severity of sore throat 1 hour after extubation. | Severity will be graded by the patient as 0=null; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe | 1 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of sore throat 4 hour after extubation. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Patients who were entubated with an ETT. Those who accept the research Elective surgery Patients in American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II class 18 years and over Mallampati classification I and II Operation time more than 1 hour
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with sore throat and lower respiratory tract infection Patients with a history of allergies
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| sibel çatalca, dr. | Baskent University Ankara Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baskent University | Adana | Adana | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32926423 | Background | Yu JH, Paik HS, Ryu HG, Lee H. Effects of thermal softening of endotracheal tubes on postoperative sore throat: A randomized double-blinded trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021 Feb;65(2):213-219. doi: 10.1111/aas.13705. Epub 2020 Sep 23. | |
| 30286145 | Background | Kim E, Yang SM, Kwak SG, Park S, Bahk JH, Seo JH. Tracheal tubes lubricated with water to reduce sore throat after intubation: A randomized non-inferiority trial. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 4;13(10):e0204846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204846. eCollection 2018. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| article | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010612 | Pharyngitis |
| D003680 | Deglutition Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D010608 | Pharyngeal Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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Presence of sore throat defined as constant pain, independent of swallowing (0=no. 1=yes)
| 4 hour after extubation |
| the severity of sore throat 4 hour after extubation. | Severity will be graded by the patient as 0=null; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe | 4 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of sore throat 12 hour after extubation. | Presence of sore throat defined as constant pain, independent of swallowing (0=no. 1=yes) | 12 hour after extubation |
| the severity of sore throat 12 hour after extubation. | Severity will be graded by the patient as 0=null; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe | 12 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of sore throat 24 hour after extubation. | Presence of sore throat defined as constant pain, independent of swallowing (0=no. 1=yes) | 24 hour after extubation |
| the severity of sore throat 24 hour after extubation. | Severity will be graded by the patient as 0=null; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe | 24 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of dysphonia | Presence of dysphonia defined as difficulty or pain on speaking (0=no. 1=yes) | 1 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of dysphonia | Presence of dysphonia defined as difficulty or pain on speaking (0=no. 1=yes) | 4 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of dysphonia | Presence of dysphonia defined as difficulty or pain on speaking (0=no. 1=yes) | 12 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of dysphonia | Presence of dysphonia defined as difficulty or pain on speaking (0=no. 1=yes) | 24 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of dysphagia | Presence of dysphagia defined as difficulty or pain provoked by swallowing | 12 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of dysphagia | Presence of dysphagia defined as difficulty or pain provoked by swallowing | 24 hour after extubation |
| the incidence of postoperative respiratory infection | Presence of respiratory infection symptoms such as cough, sputum, rhinorrhea, sore tongue, myalgia or fever | 7 days after operation |
| article2 | View source |
| D012140 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
| D004935 | Esophageal Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |